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Mobilizing
Patients
on ECMO Vincent Lo PT
Critical Care Physiotherapist
Medical Surgical Intensive Care Unit
University Health Network
Toronto General Hospital
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Daily activity
maintains
physical
function
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Consequences of
Prolonged Bed Rest
Bed sores, venous thrombosis
Muscle atrophy
Profound ICU acquired weakness
Deconditioning (Weaning)
Poor long term outcomes QOL
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Early Mobility
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Helene
Campbell 21 y.o. lung Tx
recipient raising
awareness for organ
donation
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Helene
Campbell
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What about our ECLS patients?
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ECLS:
The Past
1 to 3 patients per
year
Sedated,
unresponsive
PROM (not femoral)
Rehab began after
removal of ECLS
(weeks to months)
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ECLS: Today
Up to 3 to 5 ECMO
patients any given
week, 1 or 2
participating in
active rehab
Some are awake,
liberated from MV,
ambulating on
treadmill or hallway,
up in chair 2-6 hrs
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ECLS
Mobility
46 y.o. male
resp failure,
rupt abdo
absess, ARDS
req. VV ECMO
via R IJ
Avalon
Marching on
spot, t/f
chair
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Types of ECLS
VV ECMO – CO2, O2
VA ECMO – CO2, O2, Hemodynamic
NovaLung – CO2
HemoLung – CO2 *New
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Cannula Types
Single
Typically req’s femoral
Bi-caval (Avalon)
Position critical
Allows mobility
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Cannulation Sites
Central (open chest procedure)
Internal Jugular
Subclavian (No shoulder flex/abd)
Femoral (No hip flexion, no sitting)
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ECMO
Device Display monitor
Blender/gas sweep
Pump console
Centrifugal pump
Oxygenator
Heat exchanger
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VV ECMO Circuit via R IJ Avalon
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Not all ECMO patients are
appropriate for early mobility
Depends on circumstances of their admission
LOC, ability to participate
Physical condition, capability, activity tolerance
General medical stability
Stable on ECMO (hemodynamic,pO2, pCO2, no bleeding)
Goals of care
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Guidelines for Mobility (any ICU patient)
Awake, obeys commands, adequate strength
Cardiac stability
HR 50 – 140 bpm
No serious arrhythmias or MI in past 24 hrs
(Trops trend down)
Hemodynamically stability
SBP 80 – 180 mmHg
MAP > 65 mmHg
Low dose inotropes, stable trend
No significant bleeding past 24 hrs
Plt > 20, INR < 3, afebrile T<390
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Respiratory stability- (?mech vent)
Resting FiO2 < 80 - 90% (any room to increase FiO2?)
pO2 > 60 mmHg
pCO2 < 80 mmHg (exception: gradual acclimatization)
pH > 7.25
RR < 40 bpm
Other factors
Anxiety
N+V
Delirium
Guidelines for Mobility (any ICU patient)
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ECMO Variables
Flow 0 – 5 (10 lpm EXCEPTIONAL)
Gas Sweep 0 – 10 (CO2 elimination)
ACT levels 160 – 180 sec
Trend over past 12 – 24 hrs
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Procedure
Plan mobility session (think about contingency plans)
Assemble personnel
Set-up room
Minimize and clear lines + tubes
Designate roles for each team member:
MD available on standby
PT manages patient
Perfusionist manages ECMO circuit and cannula
RN manages IV poles, tubing, bed, chair or guards the patient
Mobilize in stages (HOB, Dangle, Stand, Step etc)
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Walk in Hallway
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Room
Set-up
Treadmill
positioned
perpendicular
to bed
IMMOVABLE COLUMN
PATIENT BED ECMO UNIT
TREADMILL DEVICE
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Case 1
47 y.o. female end-stage COPD
emphysema VV ECMO via R IJ bridge to
transplant
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Case 1 47 y.o. female end-stage emphysema
VV ECMO via R IJ bridge to transplant
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Case 1
Up in
chair 2-6
hrs/day
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Case 2
22 y.o. male
prev DLTx
deteriorating,
placed on VV
ECMO via R IJ
Avalon as bridge
to re-
transplantation
Ambulating daily
on treadmill and
up in chair
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Case 2
22 y.o. male prev
DLTx deteriorating,
placed on VV ECMO
via R IJ Avalon as
bridge to re-
transplantation
Ambulating daily
on treadmill and up
in chair
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Case 3 29 y.o. male on VV ECMO via R subclavian
cannula x 3 months before re-transplantation
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Case 3 29 y.o. male on VV ECMO via R subclavian
cannula x 3 months before re-transplantation
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Case 3
Petal bike
5-10
mins/day
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Case 3
Discharge - going home
and ambulatory!
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Case 3
Enjoying life again!
Halloween
and
Charity Cycling Event
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Case 4 44 y.o. female VA ECMO via R femoral cannula
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Case 4
44 y.o. female VA
ECMO via R femoral
cannula
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Case 5 36 y.o. female ARDS
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Case 5
36 y.o. female ARDS
VV ECMO via R IJ
Avalon
pO2 = 54 mmHg
Blood oozing at every
site
Hemoptysis
Never stable on ECMO
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Case 5
PROM, NMES
Rehab post
ECMO
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Case 5
Home after 8 weeks
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Case 5
Visiting MSICU
ten months later
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Case 6
Rehab after 5
weeks on ECMO
and complete
bed rest
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Case 6
Rehab after 5
weeks ECMO and
complete bed
rest
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Conclusion
Earlier you start the better, weakness becomes worse prolonged bed rest
Need good team dynamics, collaboration
Proper screening and troubleshooting select candidates
Exercise tolerance may vary day to day
Mobilizing ECLS patients can be done safely
Thank you!