2018 ELGI AGM
21st ‐ 24th April London UK
Mobility Quo Vadis: Developments in the Grease Industry. The Future of Transportation ‐ Cars, Boats, Trains & Planes. Synopsis of Technical Papers
Author: Philippa Cann. Principal Research Fellow Tribology Group, Department of Mechanical
Engineering, Imperial College London
Dr Philippa Cann (CoI) is a Principal Research Fellow in the Tribology Group at Imperial College London which is one of
the largest University‐based tribology research groups in the world. Dr Cann’s first degree was in Chemistry (Kings
College London University) and her PhD in Lubrication Engineering was awarded by Imperial College London.
Dr Cann’s initial research focused on experimental studies of hydrocarbon‐based lubricants and additives and in
particular the measurement of film thickness and lubricant film chemical composition in rubbing contacts. For over 25 years she has worked with
SKF, ExxonMobil and Shell on research into grease lubrication of rolling element bearings. More recently her studies have included the developing
field of Biotribology; in particular artificial implant tribology, articular cartilage damage mechanisms and soft contact lubrication. Dr Cann has
published over 140 papers in tribology; particularly on mechanisms of grease lubrication in rolling element bearings and more recently on synovial
fluid lubrication of artificial joints. The research has been recognized by a number of international awards including the STLE Walter Hodson Award
(1998), 2001 STLE Wilbur Deutsch Award (2001), Taiyo Kogyo Tribology Research Foundation (2011, 2013), UK Tribology Trust Silver Medal (2004)
Jacob Wallenberg Foundation Grant (2004) and SAGE Best Paper Prize published in Proc. IMechE Part H (2012).
Dr Cann has served as an Editorial Board member for a number of journals (Lubrication, Science, Tribology Letters) and was the Editor‐in‐Chief of
Tribology International (top 20 rated engineering journal) from 2009‐2015. She has recently inaugurated a new journal “Biotribology” as the Co‐
Editor with Professor M. Wimmer (Rush University Chicago USA
By Grease and By God: Providing a Scientific Basis for Improved Grease and Bearing Lubrication
Key Words: bearing lubrication, film thickness, friction, grease composition
Abstract For my title I have taken liberties with the phrase “By Guess or by God” which means “By approximation or instinct; not by precise
or infallible means”. To me this sums up our rather cavalier attitude to grease as, in contrast to oils, it is difficult to predict lubrication
behaviour in bearings and we only have very basic guidelines for choosing a grease for a particular application. We still understand
very little of the fundamental lubrication mechanisms or the effect of bearing design or operation factors on performance. The gaps
in our knowledge hinder the development of more advanced grease formulations which can deliver the low friction, extended
operation range and longer‐life performance required in the brave new world of green technology and transport.
The talk reviews our current knowledge of bearing lubrication mechanisms and the role of the grease thickener and base oil in film
formation. It will also discuss the use of appropriate bench‐top screening methods for lubrication performance and their application
to the development of new grease formulations.
The overall aim of the research is to understand the relationship between grease formulation, and bearing lubrication. This
knowledge will underpin the development of new grease technologies optimised for specific applications and help to develop a
scientific basis for grease choice.
We will be taking the guess out of grease
Author: Chuck Coe. President Grease Technology Solutions, LLC
Chuck holds a BS Chemical Engineering, from the Pennsylvania State University, along with NLGI CLGS and STLE
CLS professional certifications. He worked for Mobil and ExxonMobil for over 32 years, including 6 years as
ExxonMobil’s Global Grease Technology Manager and many years as an industrial oil and grease formulator and
technical advisor. He retired from ExxonMobil and launched Grease Technology Solutions LLC, a grease training
and consulting business in 2009. He is a past president of NLGI, currently on the Executive Committee, and is
the Grease Education Course Chair of STLE. He has authored a number of technical papers and articles on
grease, and received Best Marketing Paper and Best Paper awards from both NLGI (2008) and ELGI (2009), and
both the John A. Bellanti Memorial Meritorious Service Award (2012) and the NLGI Fellows Award (2015) from NLGI.
2016 NLGI Grease Production Survey Abstract The NLGI Grease Production Survey continues to be the single most comprehensive global report on lubricating grease production.
It tabulates the global production of grease providing a snapshot of growth by thickener type and base oil type, organized by
geographic region of the world. This paper will provide a summary overview of the key results and trends from the completed 2016
production survey, with a focus on European trends. A glimpse at preliminary results from the 2017 survey, which will be published
in July 2018, will also be provided
Author: Dr. Jisheng E. GKN Driveline Technology Centre
Dr. Jisheng E is a senior engineer, a leader for the Lubricants and Tribology Group and a global lubricants champion,
responsible for global lubrication issues within GKN Driveline. He obtained his Ph.D. degree in tribology in 1995 at
Brunel University, UK. Since 1982, he has worked in the field of tribology and has a wide experience in lubricants,
materials, coatings, chemistry and chemical analysis. He was a programme manager in Lanzhou Institute of
Chemical Physics, CAS, P. R. China from 1985 to 1986, an academic assistant to the laboratory director at State Key
Laboratory of Lubrication, P. R. China from 1986 to 1988, a visiting scholar at Swansea Tribology Centre UK from
1988 to 1989 and a research fellow at Brunel University UK from 1990 to 1995. Since 1995, Dr Jisheng E has been a senior engineer working in the
area of grease development and application support within GKN Driveline
New Technology in R&D and 4th Industrial Revolution in the Grease Industry
Key Words 4th industry revolution, molecular interaction between grease substances, nano‐IR, confocal Raman spectroscopy,
correlation between grease formulation, manufacture and application
Abstract Technology is one of the key driving factors for the 4th industrial revolution. For a company to stay, grow and develop in the grease
industry during the 4th industrial revolution, it is most important to adapt new technology to be able to understand the interaction
between base oils and additives with thickeners on a molecular level. It can be demonstrated that two grease samples with exactly
the same formulation only manufactured by two different companies behave differently. Nano IR and confocal Raman techniques
can be adopted to understand the different physical behaviour of these two samples. It might be related to a different interaction
between the same substances inside the two samples. A change from today’s inspection philosophy from the use of
phenomenological measurement techniques to determine the macroscopic grease behaviour to the use of technology to understand
the behaviour of greases based on the composition and the molecular interaction will improve the knowledge of greases and result
in strong links between formulation design, laboratory tests, bench tests and application performance as well as different
manufacturing processes. With the progress in the 4th industrial revolution, expensive chemical analyses on a molecular level could
become normal daily analyses with a lower cost. This enables us to understand both fresh and used grease behaviour based on
integrative materials models which cover the full range from molecular level to macroscopic performance. As a result, it is possible
to use characteristic curves based on formulation design and process to provide customers quick and first‐hand information about
their specific tribology system.
Author: Dr. Wilfried J. Bartz. Consultant
Prof. Wilfried J. Bartz obtained his PhD degree in mechanical engineering at the University of Hannover, Germany. From
1961 to 1963, he was a lubrication engineer in the mineral oil industry; from 1963 to 1976, head of the Department of
Tribology and Lubrication Engineering at the Institute of Petroleum Research, Germany. From 1976 to 2001, Managing
and scientific director of the Technical Academy Esslingen (TAE) and, since 2001, a Consultant for Tribology. He is now
Professor for Tribology at the Technical University of Vienna and Key Researcher at the Austrian Competence Centre for Tribology (AC2T). He organises
and lectures at more than 30 seminars at the TAE on a yearly basis as well as in companies in Germany and in Europe. He is member of many national
and international societies all over the world and obtained many awards including the Tribology Gold Medal.
Increasing Importance of Greases for Future Electro‐Mobility Abstract Article on mobility from the past via the present into the future
Author: Michael Anderson. President STLE
Co‐Author: Ed Salek STLE
Can Tribology Save the World? Key Words: Tribology
Abstract The world is being presented with many challenges from overpopulation to pollution. There are new technologies being presented
that are challenging our past understanding of energy requirements and manufacturing. While tribology cannot create more energy,
advances in technology based on tribological improvements can mean a lower use of existing energy leaving more available to meet
future demands. This presentation will acknowledge these challenges and changes. Because Tribology exists everywhere,
understanding and improving on tribological principles can help solve these challenges
Author: Sven Meinhardt. ExxonMobil Chemical Synthetics Business Unit
Sven Meinhardt is a Marketing Technical Support Engineer for ExxonMobil Chemical’s Synthetics business.
As a PhD Chemist, he has worked within the chemical and lubricants industry in a variety of areas for
almost 20 years.
A native of Essen, Germany, he studied Chemistry at the University of Dortmund with a focus on Organic
Chemistry before joining Mobil Schmierstoff GmbH in Hamburg in 1998 as Sales Representative for
industrial lubricants. Following the Exxon‐Mobil merger, he was hired by ExxonMobil Chemical working in various commercial functions before joining
the Synthetics Business Unit as a Business Development Manager in 2010. In his current assignment, he builds on his extensive knowledge of lubricants
to help customers use synthetic base stocks to develop innovative applications that can meet their performance requirements.
1998‐2003: Sales Representative Industrial Lubricants
2003‐2005: Account Manager Oxo department
2005‐2010: Chemical Intermediates Senior Sales Representative
2010‐2016: Business Development Manager Synthetics
2016‐: Marketing Technical Support Chemist Synthetics
SpectraSyn EliteTM 300 – High Performance Base Stock for Synthetic Grease Applications
Key Words: SpectraSyn EliteTM 300; Synthetic greases, Metallocene PAO
Abstract The demand for greases based on high‐performance base stocks is continuously growing. Synthetic greases are required in a great
variety of applications from rail tracks to wind‐turbine bearings operating in sometimes severe conditions with regards to
temperature and mechanical load. High viscosity PAOs have been introduced as an integral component of the base oil for greases
providing enhanced durability compared to mineral oil based greases. The introduction of SpectraSyn EliteTM 300 based on
metallocene catalyst technology offers grease manufacturers increased flexibility and enhanced performance benefits with regards
to low temperature viscometrics and higher film thickness compared to conventional high viscosity PAO. This presentation examines
the influence of SpectraSyn EliteTM 300 as a base oil component in combination with various thickener systems and assesses the
impact on the finished grease properties
Author: Gareth Fish, The Lubrizol Corporation
Co‐Author: Alomar, Francesc – Lubrizol limited
Gareth Fish gained a B.Sc. in Chemistry (1984) and a Ph.D. in Tribology (1990) at Imperial College of Science,
Technology and Medicine, London, England
From 1988‐1990, he worked at the UK Ministry of Defence, Fuels and Lubricants Branch, the Royal Arsenal in
Woolwich, England specialising in military lubricants and greases.
From 1990‐2002, he worked at GKN Technology Ltd, Wolverhampton, England as a tribologist on automotive
transmission components and greases.
From 2002‐2007, he worked for GKN Automotive Inc., Auburn Hills, Michigan, in charge of tribology, lubricants and sealing materials testing. From
2007 to the present, he has represented the Lubrizol Corporation, initially as Grease Technology Manager and now Technical Fellow in the Industrial
Additives Division. He is a Member of the Royal Society of Chemistry, the Energy Institute, STLE, ASTM, and SAE. He is the Chair of ASTM D02.G07
Grease Research Techniques and D02.B04 Automotive Greases. From 2013‐14, he was the Chair of the STLE CLS committee and is now the Chair of
the NLGI working group to develop the next generation grease standard.
He is a Chartered Scientist, STLE CLS and NLGI CLGS and has authored more than 60 technical papers on grease and tribology, 3 book chapters and
holds 3 US patents. He has also held more than 60 public classes on grease and tribology. He is the Winner of two NLGI Clarence E. Earle Memorial
prizes, an NLGI Authors Award, and the Chevron Prize for grease publications. He is also the winner of an NLGI Fellows award and the NLGI SOPUS
prize for teaching excellence. In 2015, he was presented with Best Paper Award at the ELGI Annual Meeting in Barcelona and the Best Paper Award
at the CLGI meeting in Nanning, China
Lubricating Greases for Future Vehicles
Key Words: Grease, vehicles, electrification, hybrid, energy
efficiency
Abstract In Europe, governments have been increasing activity around
the banning of the internal combustion engine (ICE). The United
Kingdom (UK) government, for example, announced that they
would not allow the sale of new internal combustion engines
(both spark and compression ignition) in the UK from 2040. It is
not just governments looking to change vehicles’ powertrains.
Volvo, Jaguar, Land Rover (JLR) and the Volkswagen Audi group
(VW) have all recently announced increased efforts in the
development of electric vehicles (EVs). The reality for the next
20 plus years appears to be different from the headlines. It has
been estimated that all EVs will account for less than 30% of
vehicles sold per annum before 2040.
In the intervening years, it is forecast that the majority of
vehicles sold will be hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). The concept
of HEV covers a wide range of styles and layouts, but include
those which have both ICE and electric motors to power the
vehicle. From our analyses, the only way to achieve future
governmental fuel consumption targets is by HEVs. Looking at
the requirements of lubricating greases for HEVs compared to
regular ICE only powered cars, it is likely that in the short term
the greases will be similar. It is anticipated that in the medium
term, longer life, lower noise greases will be needed for all
critical grease‐lubricated components.
Most European EVs are front wheel drive with electric motors
driving compact differentials which, in turn, drive the wheels via
sideshafts. It is anticipated that, in the future, all greases that
have influence on the vehicle’s range will be energy efficient
greases and that low noise greases will be standard.
This paper will build upon what was presented at two previous
ELGI Annual Meetings. Ideas on how to achieve longer grease
and component life whilst simultaneously being more energy
efficient will also be presented.
Author: Mehdi Fathi‐Najafi. Nynas AB – Sweden [email protected]
Co‐authors: Jinxia Li & Emma Öberg (Nynas AB – Sweden). Yijun Shi (Luleå University of Technology
Mehdi holds Master of Science and Licentiate Engineering degrees in Chemical Engineering from Chalmers University of
Technology in Gothenburg, Sweden. He worked as a research engineer and teaching staff member at the Chalmers
University for almost 4 years prior to his move to the oil and grease industry in 1996. His current position at Nynas AB is
Senior Technical Advisor & Group Specialist.
Evaluation of the Impact of High Viscous Naphthenic Oils on various Thickener Systems Key Words: Tribology, SRV, Rheology, Naphthenic oil, Solvency power, Lithium grease, Lithium Complex grease, Organophilic Clay
grease, Low temperature mobility
Abstract Mineral oils that are used by grease manufacturers can be divided into two major groups, paraffinic oils (API Gr I, II and III) and
naphthenic oils (API Gr V). These categories of base oils have their own advantages and disadvantages depending on the type of
applications and cost.
Right now, grease manufacturers are witnessing two major challenges; 1) a shortage of bright stock because of the ongoing
rationalization of paraffinic group I refineries and b) a rapid price increase of lithium hydroxide due to the electrification age.
Subsequently, it is believed that modifications and developments of new and better products will be intensified without
compromising performance.
The purpose of this paper is an attempt to target these challenges, namely by using naphthenic oil. Traditionally speaking, high viscous
naphthenic oil is only used as a minor part of the formulation of lubricating greases. However, this paper investigates the impact of
using two straight cut naphthenic oils with viscosities of 380 mm2/s and 600 mm2/s in various thickener types.
The chosen thickeners are conventional lithium, lithium complex and organophilic clay, which together represent more than 77
percent of the thickeners in global grease production.
Parallel to the use of the high viscous naphthenic oils, the authors also have extended the framework of this study by using the blends
of a medium viscous naphthenic oil and a low molecular weight Polyisobutene (PIB) targeting viscosities of 320 mm2/s and 520
mm2/s in the same thickener systems.
The greases have been fully characterized according to the state of the art, including rheological measurements, and thereafter
compared with each other. In addition, since high film thickness and load carrying capacity are important parameters for industrial
applications, the greases have been studied tribologically, e.g. by using SRV instrument. In summary, based on the results obtained,
two different but pragmatic solutions are suggested targeting the issues described above. Moreover, the use of wax free naphthenic
oils in these formulations result in greases with excellent low temperature mobility, despite the high viscosity of the base oils making
them suitable for number of applications, e.g. in central lubrication systems.
Author: Tim Langlais, Ergon Refining + Royal Manufacturing
Co‐Authors: Edward Casserly & Staci P. Springe ‐ ERGON REFINING, Inc., Jackson, MS in cooperation with:
Anoop Kumar & Bill Mallory, Royal Manufacturing Company, Tulsa, OK
Tim Langlais is an accomplished product manager, marketing strategist and business developer. After a dozen years in
business‐to‐business sales and marketing, product and commercial management, Langlais knows what truly drives
product design, partner selection, product innovation and value creation—and it’s not always chasing short term
trends or competing on price. It’s how well your organization understands market/application requirements and
positions itself to promote sustainable customer efficacy.
Langlais regularly contributes at global industry conferences and currently serves on the NLGI Board of Directors. Langlais holds a B.S. in Chemical
Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia, and a Masters of Business Administration (MBA) from the Jones Graduate
School of Business at Rice University in Houston, Texas.
The Effect of Base Oils on Thickening and Physical Properties of Lubricating Greases
Key Words: Naphthenic, base oil, solvency, thickener, aniline point, viscosity index (VI), viscosity‐gravity constant (VGC), yield
Abstract In general, lubricating greases remain non‐Newtonian fluids consisting of base oil, thickener, and additive components. The base oil
remains the majority component in most lubricating greases and thus significantly influences the greases’ physical properties.
This paper examines the effect of naphthenic, paraffinic, and synthetic (PAO) base oils on the thickening capabilities of lithium
12‐hydroxystearate, lithium complex, aluminum complex, clay base, and calcium sulfonate complex greases and their associated
physical properties. Experimental greases were manufactured with identical proprietary processing parameters. The paper provides
a detailed summary of the various base oil/thickener combinations, resulting yield levels, physical properties and the commercial
implications regarding yield impacts on formulation economics.
The impact of additives, typically incorporated in low concentrations to impart certain performance characteristics to the lubricating
grease, remains outside the scope of this paper
Author: Stefan Daegling. Shell Global Solutions
After gaining a degree in chemical engineering, Stefan has had a 30‐year career in the lubricant industry. For more
than 20 years, he has been involved in the development of lubricating greases for Shell Global Solutions where he
is currently a Senior Lubricant Developer. For his inventive work, he has been awarded a diverse range of patents
in the lubricants field.
New Railway Bearing Grease ‐ Living longer in Harsher Conditions
Key Words: Railways, grease, maintenance, higher performance, optimisation, shear stability
Abstract Maintenance costs money. Railway operators are looking for ways to increase the life of their equipment so they do not have to take
it out of service for maintenance so often. Grease has to keep up with this trend. Imagine if trains had to be taken to the maintenance
depot only to change the grease! To this industry trend, add the pending introduction of a new European standard and it was time
to act.
A new modified lithium grease has been designed to have long life. It’s one of a new generation of Shell railway bearing greases,
developed over the last five years, for trains of different speeds and in different territories. This presentation will focus on the
changes which we had to make during this development. Extending the range of the established lithium soap thickener to obtain
better stability. Looking critically at the additives we all use, giving improved temperature resistance. Optimising base oils for both
low and high temperature performance and also future‐proofing. The result – a long life, high performance grease for the railway
industry for the next decades.
Author: Suresh Chandra Nagar. Siddharth Grease & Lubes
Co‐Authors: Dr.E.Sayanna, S.K.Sachdeva
Suresh Chandra Nagar gained his Master’s degree in Organic Chemistry in 1976 from Meerut University,
Uttar Pradesh, India and completed a first class academic career. He was with Indian Oil R&D Centre for over
38 years (February 1977 – October 2015) and associated with the testing, design and development of
various conventional, semi‐synthetic & synthetic lubricating greases. He has dealt with many core areas in
the development of specialty products like traction gear lubricants, Lithium and Lithium Complex, Calcium, Mixed base, Aluminum Complex, Sulfonate
Complex, Titanium Complex, Polyurea greases, etc. including scale up studies to pilot plant keeping all commercial aspects in view. For more than 2
years (Nov 2015 – present), Mr Nagar is working as Deputy General Manager at the Technology Centre of M/s Siddharth Grease & Lubes Pvt. Ltd.
Manesar (Gurgaon) looking after various grease developmental activities.
He has 6 Patents to his credit, which have been commercially exploited and has presented 36 technical papers in various national and international
seminars. He is a recipient of NPMP (National Petroleum Management Programme) Award in 2002
High Performance Automotive Greases with Enhanced Life and Future Trends
Key Words: Thickener, Lithium Complex, Life performance, base oil, field trial, GCLB specification & ASTM D 3527 Test Method
Abstract Physicochemical tests like mechanical/shear stability, heat stability, PDSC, Oxidation Stability, etc., indicate qualitative characteristics
of greases but none of these tests actually predict or correlate with grease life. Lubricating grease life is generally evaluated by some
few tests like FAG FE 8/FE 9, SKF ROF, HT WB Life Rig (ASTM D 3527), etc. There is no established correlation between field
performance and these physio‐chemical tests as all the variations that are supposed to affect field performance cannot be built into
one single test rig. In the ASTM D‐3527 test rig, the automotive wheel bearing life of lubricating greases is evaluated at 160°C
temperature and 1000 rpm speed with an axial load of 111 Nm.
The GC/LB specification stipulates that a grease having 80 hours life as per ASTM D 3527 is supposed to exhibit good wheel bearing
life. In general, the type of thickener and base oils used in grease formulations and the fortifying additives all play a major role in
determining grease life in the high temperature wheel bearing life tests. A grease made with simple lithium soap should not be
evaluated for life performance at temperatures above 120°C. Simple lithium greases having dropping points in the order of 190‐200°C
can be evaluated at 120°C and lithium complex greases having dropping points over 250°C can be tested at 140‐160°C. Normally,
simple lithium greases have a life around 25‐35 hours as per ASTM D 3527 and lithium complex greases with dropping points of
around 250°C a life of around 70‐80 hrs. At the R&D unit of M/s Siddharth Grease & Lubes Pvt. Ltd., lithium complex greases doped
with various additive combinations have been studied, targeting a product life of over 160 hrs at 160oC.
This technical paper encompasses various stages of development of greases using complex thickeners, combinations of selected base
oils and special additives. Efforts have been made to correlate the grease life on rig tests with the actual field service life. Various
characteristics of developed grease are also discussed in this paper.
An attempt has also been made to foresee future grease requirements for new generation and electric vehicles
Author: Simon Eiden: Teams Fuels & Lubricants ‐ Oel‐Waerme‐Institut affiliated Institute
Simon was born on August, 17th, 1986 in Aachen, Germany. In 2016, he gained a Master of Science degree in
“Molecular Biotechnology” at RWTH Aachen University.
From 01/2012 – 10/2015, he worked as a Research Engineer at OWI Oel‐Waerme‐Institut gGmbH.
From 11/2013 – 12/2013 he was granted a IGCS Research scholarship at the Indian Institute of Technology Madras
IITM, Chennai, India. From 07/2016 – 03/2017 he worked as Project engineer at OWI – Oel‐Waerme‐Insitut gGmbH
and now, since 04/2017, he is Deputy Team leader of the “Fuels and Lubricants”‐group. Field of research: Stability and application technology of
alternative fuels and oxidation stability of lubricants Development of analytical test methods
Determination of Thermo‐Oxidative Reaction Kinetics of Greases via Thermogravimetric Analysis and Chemiluminescence Method
Key Words: Thermo‐oxidative reaction kinetics, Grease, TGA, Chemiluminescence
Abstract Continuous developments in technical applications lead to higher requirements for grease formulations. This is especially important
for rolling bearings in which the greases are exposed to high rotational speeds and temperature fluctuations. Thus, there is a higher
radiant heat transfer in electro‐ and hybrid vehicles. Tribological tests like FE 8 and FE 9 are not suitable for the basic development
or the condition monitoring due to the time and cost consuming procedures. In grease development, a number of iterative cycles are
necessary, whereas the costs multiply.
With the combination of chemical‐analytical methods like thermogravimetric analytic (TGA) and chemiluminescence with
mechanical‐dynamical methods a fast and easy determination of the grease lifetime is enabled. During aging and application in the
tribological system, evaporation and coking effects can occur. Here, the composition as well as the surface state of the grease and
subsequently the lubrication characteristics are influenced.
In this project, the determination of activation energy of different grease formulations via non‐isothermal TGA measurements was
calculated. Also, the correlation with mechanic‐dynamic FE8/FE9 tests showed a strong influence of the thickener stability /
degradation on the grease stability. TGA and chemiluminescence measurements were able to detect the thickener melting in grease
formulations
Author: Thomas Wunder. Vanderbilt Worldwide
Co‐Authors: Aili Ma, Minli Gu, & Junbing Yao Vanderbilt (Beijing) Trading
Thomas is the Senior Regional Account Manager at Vanderbilt Worldwide in UK & is responsible for Central,
Northern‐ and Eastern Europe within the lubricant additive business unit. He is also active in developing new
markets for Vanderbilt, like Russia and Turkey.
From 2003 – 2009, he was the key account manager at Fuchs Europe Schmierstoffe in Germany and was
responsible for automotive OEM industries located in Southern Germany with a main focus on factory fill
lubricants. Previous employment: Fluid management at G.I.S. Karlstein Germany, Technical Service Engineer at
Cimcool Europe Germany and Chemical Technician at Cerdec Frankfurt Germany
The Tribological Performances of Molybdenum Dialkyldithiocarbamate with Highly Branched Alkyl Groups and Highly Sulfurized Core
Key Words MoDTC, Highly Branched Alkyl Groups, Highly Sulfurized Core, Grease, Friction‐reduction, Antiwear, Extreme‐pressure
Abstract Friction‐reduction (FR), antiwear (AW) and extreme‐pressure (EP) performances of molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate with highly
branched alkyl groups and highly sulfurized core (HBS‐MoDTC) are reported. Four‐ball tests indicate that HBS‐MoDTC exhibits
excellent FR and AW performances in both lubricating base oil and fully formulated engine oil. The tests also show that HBS‐MoDTC
possesses excellent FR and good AW, though no obvious EP capacity in lithium complex, polyurea or calcium sulfonate complex
grease is observed. To obtain balanced and comprehensive FR, AW and EP performances in greases, the combination of HBS‐MoDTC
with antimony/zinc mixed metal dialkyldithiocarbamate (Sb/ZnDTC) as an EP additive is also evaluated. Copper corrosion tests prove
that HBS‐MoDTC does not result in obvious copper corrosion in grease.
Author: Chen Shi Qi.
Fuiiun Oil
Mr. Chen Shi Qi Graduated from Fujian
Normal University (China) in 2000. He
then joined Fujian Universal Oil Pte Ltd.
where he is a chief engineer in charge of grease development
Co‐Author:
Mr. Lyu Wen Jing gained a BS in Chemistry
at Fuzhou University (China) in 2016. He
then joined Fujian Universal Oil Pte Ltd.
Where he is a grease researcher.
Co‐Author:
Mr. Ng Hak Hong gained a BS in Chemistry
at Nanyang University (Singapore) in 1973
and an MS in Industrial Engineering at
National University (Singapore) in 1986. He
worked for Caltex Singapore (Chemist and
Regional supply manager, 1973‐1994) and later at Sanko oil trading,
Singapore (Trading Director, 1995‐2014). He now works as General
Manager at Fujian Universal Oil Pte Ltd
Co‐Author:
Mr. Seiji Okamura
Gained a BS in Chemistry at Himeji
Institute of Technology (Japan) in
1966 (Now, University of Hyogo).
He had been associated with
Nippon Grease Co. for 45 years.
There, he had been in charge of grease development and was a director
and a manager of the technical research laboratory. Now he is a
technical adviser at Fujian Universal Oil Pte. Ltd. (Singapore).
A Study on Properties of Lithium Grease Applied for High Temperature with Low Noise Property
Key Words Lithium complex, Low noise property, Long life at high temperature, anti‐rust property
Abstract It is well known that conventional lithium complex grease shows good performance at high temperature, but as to low noise property,
it is poor. On the contrary, lithium grease shows good low noise property. But as to grease life at high temperature, it is poor. Six
grease samples which consist of lithium soap, ester oil and ether oil with selected additives are prepared. We evaluated them on the
items related to actual performance applied for shield/sealed bearings. They are grease life, thermal stability (thin film evaporation
loss,) low noise property (Anderon value, dB value, SKF Bequiet+), shear stability, rust preventiveness and low temperature property.
We developed the well‐balanced grease by blending selected special additives to lithium grease. This grease having high dropping
point showed longer grease life by two to three times than that of lithium grease at 165 degree C and also showed good low noise
property as the same as lithium grease.
Author: Joe Kaperick. Afton Chemical Corporation
Co‐Authors: Gaston Aguilar, Afton Chemical Corporation, Richmond, VA; Vishal Nandurkar and
Anand Karve, Afton Chemical India Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, India
Joe Kaperick is a Senior R&D Advisor for Greases at Afton Chemical Corporation. Joe began working for Afton in
their St. Louis manufacturing facility as an Analytical Chemist in 1991 and moved to their Richmond, Virginia
headquarters in 1994. Joe received a Master’s Degree in Analytical Chemistry from St. Louis University as well as
undergraduate degrees in Chemistry, Fine Arts and Classical Humanities. He has been in the Industrial R&D area
with a primary focus on Grease since 1999.
Joe is currently serving as Vice President of NLGI, and has been recognized as a Certified Lubricating Grease Specialist by NLGI. He is also a member
of STLE, the chair of the joint NLGI/ELGI Working Group on Grease Particle Evaluation, and the Chair of Section G.01 Chemical and Laboratory Tests
for ASTM.
“Venit, Vidit, Vicit: Do All Roads Lead to Lithium Complex?”
Key Words Calcium sulfonate complex, oxidation, grease life, rheology, grease aging, thermal stability
Abstract Increased performance demand on trucks, cars and construction equipment is a major reason for the growth in demand for longer
life / higher temperature bearing greases. This, in turn, has contributed to the increase in production volumes of lithium complex
(Li‐Cx) and calcium sulfonate complex (CSC). Li‐Cx grease is a well‐established technology with a recognized field record while
developments in CSC thickener technology are more active and ongoing. For this study, standard Li‐Cx and proprietary CSC base
greases were produced using the same base oils. The base greases were formulated with additive systems to enhance oxidation
stability, frictional and antiwear properties. The formulated greases were then evaluated in laboratory tests designed to measure
changes in physical, chemical and lubricating properties of the greases before and after thermal stressing. Grease life determinations
using FAG FE‐9 and ASTM D3527 (high temperature wheel bearing test) rigs were also done. The paper will compare performance
characteristics of the Li‐Cx and CSC greases and will discuss the properties that are most critical in extending grease life in these high
temperature bearing tests.
Author: Aleksandra Nevskaya
Dow Silicones Deutschland GmbH
Aleksandra studied Organic Chemistry and graduated from Moscow State University in 2007. She joined Dow
in 2008 after completing internship at Evonik. During her career at Dow she provided technical service for
silicones products to customers in different markets: Construction, Coating and Performance Chemicals. Before
joining the lubricant team she focused on Silicone products like fluids, emulsions and resins, working with Russia
& CIS region. Since 2012, Aleksandra is responsible for technical service and development including
commercialization of novel technologies for lubricants under our Molykote brand. The range of Molykote
Specialty Lubricants includes Greases, Pastes and Anti‐Friction Coatings. She supports their channel partners
and key customers covering Western and Eastern Europe
New approach in Lubrication for Noise and Friction Reduction in Automotive Applications
Key Words NVH, noise reduction, noise dampening, grease, anti‐friction coating, dry lubrication, stick‐slip prevention
Abstract Comfort and safety are demanded in the Automotive industry. New generation car engines and gearboxes have become more silent.
While the reduction of functional noise allows a comfortable environment, other noises and vibrations start to be noticeable for the
driver and passengers and, with the advent of increasing autonomous functionality, can interfere with the proper functioning of and
communication between critical sensors and modules. Nowadays automotive manufacturers pay lots of attention to NVH (Noise,
Vibration and Harshness) while designing a car. The noises predominately occur when two mating materials like plastic, rubber or
leather rub and slide against each other. Examples include armrests, door panels, switches, gears, clips and seat sliding guides. There
are different approaches to how to control NVH and eliminate noise. One of the main concept is friction reduction as well as stick‐
slip prevention and this is where lubrication plays an important role. The latest technologies in this field include noise dampening
greases with a high standard of low temperature performance and very low oil bleed and also dry lubrication like anti‐friction coatings
for stick‐slip prevention.
Author: George Dodos. Eldon’s S.A
Dr. George S. Dodos has a Diploma and a PhD degree in Chemical Engineering from the National Technical
University of Athens in Greece. He is working with ELDON’S S.A., involved mainly in research and
development of new innovative products and in technical services. He also holds a Research Associate
position in the Laboratory of Fuel Technology and Lubricants in the National Technical University of Athens
with his research activities currently being focused in the field of biobased fuels and lubricants. He has
several publications in international peer‐reviewed journals and conference proceedings on topics such as
oxidation stability, tribological behavior and microbial contamination of conventional and biobased
lubricants and fuels. He has received the ELGI AGM Best Paper Award twice as well as the NLGI Author Award. He is affiliated to a number of
international organizations including ELGI, SAE, ACS and IBBS. From 2013 he chairs the ELGI Biobased Greases performance Working Group
Navigating the Future: Lubricating Grease in Marine Applications Key Words marine greases; marine industry; water; future trends; environmentally acceptable lubricants; VGP regulation
Abstract In this work the development of the lubricating greases for the marine industry is examined in view of the changes that are taking
place both in the technical and regulatory requirements. For example, according to the VGP (Vessel General Permit) regulation by
the US EPA – which is currently under revision ‐ all commercial vessels greater than 79 feet must specifically use environmentally
acceptable lubricants (EAL) in all oil to sea interfaces. In general, the environmental regulations regarding marine section are expected
to become stricter in the future and the lubricants industry has to meet the new challenges. In this paper initially the present and
projected changes in the maritime section are analysed and the impact on the lubricants is discussed. Based on that, a series of grease
formulation for marine application were prepared in order to comply with the regulatory requirements. Different starting materials
were employed that could result in a product that could be characterized as EAL and a comparative assessment was carried out so
as to spot those that could possibly still
play an important role in future formulations.
Author: Dr. Lou A. Honary. Environmental Lubricants Manufacturing, Inc
Dr. Lou Honary is an emeritus professor and founding director of the National Ag‐Based Lubricants (NABL)
Center at the University of Northern Iowa. He formed the UNI‐NABL Center in 1991 for biobased
lubricants research and development. He currently serves as the president of Environmental Lubricants
Manufacturing Company, a company he formed with the University Foundation to commercialize
biobased lubricants and greases that had been patented at the University.
Honary has served as officer, board member, and editorial board member in several technical
organizations. His services on State and Federal committees include USDA/DOE Biomass Research and
Development Advisory Committee, and Iowa Governor Tom Vilsack’s Life Sciences Advisory Committee.
Dr. Honary is an esteemed international expert in the field of biobased lubricants with 8 US patents; and has authored several book chapters and a
book on biobased lubricants.
A Comparative Study of Greases Processed in a Conventional Jacketed Reactor and in a Microwave Reactor
Key Words: Biobased, Bio‐Based, Biodegradability, Bio‐Lubricants, Biodegradable, Ecolabel, Biopreferred, EPA, Microwave
processing, grease processing, Jacketed vessels, alternative heating methods
Abstract This study reports on the process of making aluminium complex grease using heat transfer oil in a jacketed reactor as compared with
grease manufactured in a microwave heated reactor. In the jacketed vessel, the grease product is heated by being exposed to high
temperatures of the reactor walls and heat transfer is through conduction. In a microwave based reactor, the product is heated
directly through electromagnetic molecular excitation.
For each process, samples of the products at different points in the process were removed and tested for comparison. Specifically,
effects on soap formation, consistency, oxidation, and dropping point were studied and will be reported.
Author: Paul Bessette. Triboscience & Engineering
Paul Bessette is the president of Triboscience & Engineering, Inc (TS&E). He has been involved with synthetic lubricants
for more than 39 years. During that time, he spent 25 years at Nye Lubricants and three years at Ciba‐Geigy. TS&E was
established as a consulting services company in 2000. Since 2005, TS&E has manufactured lubricants, focusing on
perfluorinated polyethers. Bessette was vice chair of the NLGI Grease Education Course for 10 years, and he was honored
with the NLGI Fellows Award, Meritorious Service Award, Achievement Award, Clarence E. Earle Memorial Award and
Author’s Award. Bessette was an associate editor for Tribology Transaction and Journal of Synthetic Lubricants and peer reviewer for NLGI, and he
has authored and co‐authored chapters in several books on tribology and lubricants. He is a member of NLGI, STLE and ASTM. Bessette earned his
Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry from Lowell Technological Institute in Lowell, Mass. His graduate work included polymer chemistry at
Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute. He also has a Master of Business Administration degree from the University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth.
The Tribochemical Activity of Perfluoropolyether Lubricants Using a Spiral Orbit Tribometer
Abstract Lubricants formulated with polytetrafluoroethylene, PTFE and perfluoropolyether fluids represent the most thermooxidatively stable
products commercially available. These lubricants are able to withstand temperatures in excess of 250oC without degrading after
hours of exposure in an atmosphere of high pressure oxygen. Although the lubricants possess superior resistance to the combined
ravages of heat and oxygen, they are not immune to catalytic degradation when exposed to fresh metal surfaces under boundary
conditions. A spiral orbit tribometer was used to investigate the increase in friction due to polymer degradation as a function of
orbits. The spiral orbit tribometer is a single ball thrust bearing that monitors the COF as a function of ball orbits. Data is continuously
recorded while the test is terminated when a predetermined coefficient of friction is reached. The SOT is an ideal lab instrument to
determine the tribological longevity of PFPE based lubricants under realistic conditions
Author: Alexander Grechin. Setral
Co‐Authors: Verena Schott ‐ Setral Chemie & Rachel Kling ‐ Setral S.a.r.l
Alexander received his Diploma in Chemistry from the State University of Chemistry and Technology, Ivanovo
(Russia) in 1995.
In 2000, he was awarded a Ph.D in Physical Chemistry from the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Solution
Chemistry From 2003‐07, he held DAAD visiting scientist and post‐doctoral research fellowships at the University
of Duisburg‐Essen (Germany)
From 2007‐10, he worked as research fellow at the University of Regensburg and then at the Technical University
of Munich. Since 2011 he serves as R&D Manager for specialty lubricants at Setral Chemie GmbH, Seeshaupt
(Germany) where he is responsible for leading and managing of the R&D team, product development and product compliance.
PFPE‐Greases: Modern Trends and Perspectives
Key Words Perfluoropolyethers, PFPE greases, long‐life lubrication, bifunctional thickeners, total cost of ownership, electric cars
Abstract Lubricating greases based on perfluorinated polyether (PFPE) have been predestined for a long time as niche products, providing
long‐life lubrication at temperatures above 200°C, in aggressive chemical environments, in vacuum devices or as an inert media to
lubricate and/or protect sensitive materials like plastics and elastomers. This group of specialty greases is now becoming also
competitive in a range of applications where less expensive and less‐performing lubricants are normally used. Modern PFPE greases
can offer both performance advantages and the lower total cost of ownership (purchase price + the costs of operation). The
lubrication of different devices in traditional and electric cars has proved to be one of the successful uses of PFPE greases. This paper
will overview and discuss new possibilities in the development and application of PFPE greases.
Author:
Simon Mason. KEMSEC
Simon Mason previously served
as EMEA Managing Director of
the Security Solutions division of
Verizon, where he was
responsible for leading the organisation’s security professionals and
overall Go‐to‐Marketing Strategy globally. In addition to several
leadership roles at Cybertrust, he also held positions at Ubizen and
consulting firms AT Kearney and EDS.
He is now the Managing Director at KEMAT, the largest independent
supplier of polyisobutylenes and related products in the EMEA region.
Using his strong background in corporate management and commercial
optimisation, he critically screened the business model and is now
growing and developing the business, taking it to the next level.
Simon received his Bachelor degree in Economics from the University
of Kent in the United Kingdom and holds a Master of Business
Administration from Kellogg University, Chicago and FBS Belgium.
Co‐Author:
Gareth Leggett KEMSEC
Gareth Leggett is a seasoned ICS
security professional with 20 years of
experience in the cyber security
sector. He has held roles across
Europe and Asia helping ICS
operators to secure their information assets, improve availability and
protect their intellectual property (IP).
As a former Qualified Security Assessor (QSA) Gareth has worked with
clients across multiple verticals including in the petrochemical and
manufacturing industries. He brings a global perspective and with
experience in security, compliance and incident response he has
assisted executives at leading international companies meet their
Information Security challenges.
Before joining KEMAT Gareth held senior positions at leading
Information Security vendors including Verizon Business, BehavioSec,
Lockheed Martin and Axent Technologies.
Cyber Security in the Petrochemical world. Growing Threats and Actionable Solutions
Key Word: Cyber attacks, Cyber Security, threats to operators of Industrial Control Systems, attack vectors, system weaknesses,
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, securing the supply chain.
Abstract Cyber attacks represent one of the biggest threats to operators of Industrial Control Systems. Despite being leading pioneers in
safety and in the adoption of automation systems, operators of industrial control systems still lag behind other industries in cyber
security maturity.
This presentation will help to better understand the threats, current cyber posture and technologies as well as to gain further
understanding of how ICS operators can mitigate risk.
Topics to be covered on this critical issue include:
• Learn from an analysis of the attack vectors, system weaknesses and effects of the largest attack of 2017
• Areas of focus for ICS operators
• Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in ICS security systems
• Securing the supply chain
Protection from cyber threats for ICS operators is a board level concern.
Author: Daniel Jiménez
SQM
Mr. Jiménez is an Industrial Engineer from the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile and holds a Master´s in Business
Administration from Old Dominion University. He joined the Company in 1991 holding several positions in the finance
and sales areas at SQM´s headquarters and foreign subsidiaries in the U.S. and Belgium, in which countries he was
based for 8 years. In 2002 he became VP of Sales and Marketing for Iodine, Lithium and Industrial Chemicals, and in
May 2007, he became Vice President of Human Resources and Exploration. In 2016 he became Senior VP Commercial Iodine, Lithium and Industrial
Chemicals
Lithium market supply & demand Abstract The Lithium Market is currently very exciting. Lithium demand is growing very rapidly, mainly driven by the electrification of vehicles.
It will be a challenge for the Industry to increase production and be ready for supplying the Lithium units required to support the
growth.
There are concerns from other sectors like the Lubricating Grease Industry about the availability of Lithium.
SQM will share its view on the current Supply/Demand situation and the outlook for the coming years.
Author: Jason Galary. Nye Lubricants
Co‐Author: Richard Bellizzi
Jason is currently the Tribology and Applied Science Manager at Nye Lubricants located in
Fairhaven, Ma where he has over 20 years working in the lubrication industry. He graduated from
the University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth with a Bachelor’s degree in Electrical Engineering
and a Master’s degree in Mechanical Engineering. Currently he is a Doctoral Candidate in Applied
Mechanics and Tribology. Jason is the founder of the ADVT (Application Development and
Validation Testing) Laboratory where the focus is on developing new testing equipment and methods to simulate real world lubricant applications
and environments. He has authored or co‐authored over 15 Technical Research publications and presentations. Jason has been awarded the NLGI
Author award for best Application Based Paper. His research interests currently include mechanical fretting, scuffing wear, vacuum tribology, and life
modelling of lubricating greases.
A New Methodology for Validating Automotive Application Reliability under Fretting Conditions
Key Words Fretting, Reliability, Weibull, Grease, Anti‐Wear, Electrical Continuity
Abstract The reliability of components like actuators, bearings, and electrical terminals in automotive applications is a critical factor related to
warranty requirements and customer safety. Despite its importance, it can be very difficult and expensive to test.
Historically, bench testing has also been very difficult since it does not produce repeatable data with large enough sample sets to
prove useful. This has driven the use of simulation modelling which saves a lot of testing time and cost with a much smaller
computational impact. However, component level or full application testing is still required.
This work presents a new methodology to test and validate components like actuators and electrical terminals for their ability to
protect against fretting conditions. This new methodology will allow for various frequency and amplitude conditions to be tested in
order to generate life probability curves and understand the improvements made by lubrication. The application of this testing
methodology to bearings on an actuator shaft and to electrical terminals will show the versatility of this equipment to provide
meaningful data about applications subjected to fretting conditions and how various lubricants help improve the reliability and
extend their life.
Author: Roland Ardai
Axel Christiernsson International AB
Roland Ardai joined Axel Christiernsson International AB in 2014 as a product development engineer, focusing
mainly on renewable and biodegradable products. He previously worked for MOL‐LUB Ltd in Hungary as a
product development engineer of greases, mould release agents and corrosive inhibitors; product line manager
of greases and REACH expert. Before that, he worked for the Finnish Perlos as a process development engineer.
He has an MSc diploma in chemical engineering and a BSc in economical engineering from the University of
Pannonia.
From soil to plate ‐ Lubricating the entire food processing chain
Key Words: EU ecolabel, Food grade, Anhydrous calcium grease, Ester, LuSC‐list, NSF white book
Abstract Everyone would probably like to see farmers using crop harvesting equipment that is lubricated using a non‐toxic, biodegradable
lubricant rather than a multipurpose EP2 grease. But how about food grade? How come produce from the farm suddenly requires H‐
1 approved lubricants to be used on food processing equipment once it passed through the gates of the food processing plant? Is the
potato, artichoke or grape considered any less of a food for human consumption when growing in the field?
This paper will dig into the requirements, regulations and other potential challenges linked to formulating greases that carry both H‐
1 approval and EU eco‐label. It will also follow the process from the harvesting of the crops to when the food leaves the gate of the
processing facility and is ready to be consumed. This will help to pinpoint those typical applications requiring lubricating grease in
the broader food production chain as well as the demands on performance.
In this paper, a solution will be presented in the form of EU eco‐label and H‐1 compliant greases that can lubricate equipment used
across the entire food processing chain, all the way from the soil to the plate or alternatively “from the harvest to the home
Author: Sathwik Chatra. SKF Engineering & Research Centre
Co‐Authors: D. Muller, C. Matta, R. Thijssen , M. N. bin Yusof and M. C. P. van Eijk
His achievements and awards include a Master of Science degree from Bharathiar University, 10
Technical Papers, 3 patents, 2 chapters in text books and the P P C Gonsalves Award at the 18th NLGI
Lubricating Grease conference in India. His main interests are alternative grease technologies, new
additives, new tests for lubricant characterization and the commercialization of new grease technologies
Novel polymer grease microstructure and its proposed lubrication mechanism in rolling/sliding contacts Key Words: Grease, polypropylene, TEM, cryo‐SEM, microstructure, rolling bearings, lubrication mechanism, nano‐particles.
Abstract A novel polymer grease was synthesised adopting a unique process of uniformly distributing polypropylene nano‐particles in a non‐
polar synthetic base oil. The synthesised grease shows improved mechanical stability, oil bleeding and extremely low temperature
start‐ups. Bearing tests show excellent lubricating performance with improved lubricant film formation. The improved polymer
grease formulation can be used in different bearing applications such as material handling, fans, and electric motors. It is proposed
that base oil released from the grease carries nanoparticles of polypropylene into the rolling contact.