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White Paper
Mo bile WiMAX Plugfest
September 24-30, Fred erick, MD, USA
Hosted by: Bec htel Telec ommunica tions
In collab ora tion w ith The WiMAX Forum and CETECOM Labs
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Tab le of Contents
Introd uc tion ........................................................................................................................................... 3WiMAX Forum ove rview ...................................................................................................................... 4WiMAX Tec hnology framework ......................................................................................................... 4Key elem ents of WiMAX Tec hnolog y................................................................................................ 4WiMAX Plug fest Testing ....................................................................................................................... 6Test a rchitec ture ................................................................................................................................................. 6SUT # 1: Configuration with Single BS and Single MS (One Vendor) ............................................................ 6SUT # 2: Configura tion with Sing le BS and Sing le MS (Two Ve nd ors) ........................................................... 6SUT # 3: Configurat ion with Single BS and Two MS (from Same Vend or).................................................... 7SUT # 4: Co nfiguration w ith Single BS and Two MS (from Different Vendors) ............................................. 7SUT # 5: Single BS and Three MS (Three Different Vend ors) ........................................................................... 7Test Plan 8
Key Learning s, Observa tions, and Future Work ............................................................................12Terminolog y......................................................................................................................................... 13Acknowled gments........................................................................................................................................... 14
Copyright 2006. "WiMAX," "WiMAX Forum," the WiMAX Forum logo, "WiMAX Forum Certified,"
and the WiMAX Forum Ce rtified logo are t rade ma rks of the WiMAX Forum. All othe rtrad emarks a re the p rop erties of their respe c tive owne rs.
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Introduction
The idea of g roup tests, or more fo rma lly known as a Plugfest, is one o f severa l venues used
by numerous technology consortiums. The ve nue is a means for providing vend ors the
op po rtunity to ad dress po tential am biguities and to imp rove the testing scena rios andc ap ab ilities in a te chnology standa rd.
In the WiMAX Forum, a Plugfest is a one week long eve nt c arried out a t a WiMAX Forum-
contrac ted testing site to p rima rily valida te and verify the interop erability of a vendors
eq uipm ent w ith othe r vendors eq uipm ent. A vend or is conside red to b e interop erable
onc e they have de monstrated t hat the ir hardware is ab le to send a nd rece ive pac kets of
da ta with two o ther vend ors involving base sta tions and subsc riber sta tions for a selec ted
certificat ion profile. Befo re the Plugfest venue ta kes p lac e, pa rticipat ing ve ndors must
agree on a set of RF/ PHY charac teristics within a given certifica tion p rofile. In a ll insta nces, a
minimum of 3 vend ors must b e a vailab le to conduc t a suite o f selec ted interope rab ilitytesting scena rios within a g iven c ertifica tion p rofile. The WiMAX Forum req uires a minimum
of 5 to 6 vendors for any Plugfest.
The key o b jectives of a Plugfest a re to :
Identify where there may be differing standards interpretations that must beresolved
Identify interoperability problems which may be firmware or software related Enc ourag e open a nd una mb iguous tec hnica l d iscussions of the test scena rios and
the standa rd w ith a mea ns to c orrec t them
Prep are a vend or to submit their prod uc ts for forma l certificat ion testing Continuously improve the quality of interop erab ility testing to ensure a viab le
WiMAX Certifica tion p roc ess Make improveme nts for imp lementing future group testing venues
The WiMAX Forum Certifica tion Working Group (CWG) has determined tha t Plugfe st e vents
will be he ld about e very four months a t va rious test lab orato ries a round the wo rld. In som e
insta nces we ma y see ad d itiona l Plugfests p lanned to p rep are vendors for future
certifica tion relea ses. Typ ica lly, these events a re po sted on the WiMAX Forum Site fo r the
mem bers of the C WG or the Tec hnica l Working Group (TWG). The c urrent Plugfest is
extraordinary in tha t we have Bec htel Telec ommunicat ions jointly hosting the venue
c ollab orating with Centro d e Tec nolog a de las Comunicac ione s, S.A. (CETECOM Lab s),
and the WiMAX Forum. This is the fifth Plugfest tha t we ha ve c ond uc ted whe re service flowsfor Qua lity o f Service (Qo S) tra ffic, netw ork ent ry proc ed ures, imp lementa tion on the
c lassificat ion o f data pa ckets for Mob ile WiMAX were all ac hieved as we are in the m idst o fp rep aring WiMAX Forum Certifica tion Testing for Wave 1 of Mob ile WiMAX. While the foc us
for this venue wa s pred om inantly on Mob ile WiMAX, we ha d seve ral vend ors demonstrate
interop testing for nomadic ity a nd po rtability.
This event w as organized in the c ontext of a coop erative ag reem ent b etween Bec htel
Telec om munica tions and the WiMAX Forum signed in June 2006. As the prima ry host fo r this
first WiMAX Forum Mobile Plugfest, Bechtel will be providing logistical and engineeringservices. This event is importa nt in tha t it is a lso the first WiMAX Plugfe st in North Ame rica ,
and is the first Pub lic WiMAX Mo bile Plug fest worldwide. Scenarios and prof iles for
interope rab ility for this venue were d eve loped jointly by the CWG and TWG for Mob ile
WiMAX dev ice s. The interop testing scenarios incorporate the IEEE 802.16 and Europea n
Telec om munications Sta ndards Institute (ETSI) Hipe rMAN sta ndards in the joint d evelop me nt
of p roto col co nforma nce te st spe c ificat ions tha t a re o ne o f the essential eleme nts of theWiMAX Certifica tion p rog ram. The Tec hnica l Committee BRAN (Broa db and Rad io Ac cess
Netwo rks) is the home to the se a c tivities at ETSI where HiperAc cess and HiperMAN
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sta ndards and WiMAX/HiperMAN test spec ifica tions a re d eve lope d w ith the extensive
support of ETSIs Protoc ol and Testing Com petenc e Ce ntre (PTCC). Most of the work lends
itself to improving inte rop erab ility a mongst vendors.
This eve nt w ill grea tly co ntribute to b ring Equipme nt Vend ors c loser to a chieve c ertifica tion,
and is c ritica l to manufac turers, Telec ommunica tion c arriers, and service p roviders.
WiMAX Forum overview
The WiMAX Forum is an industry-led, no t-for-p rofit c orpo rat ion formed to promote and
certify the compatibility and interoperability of Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) products
using the IEEE 802.16 and ETSI HiperMAN wireless MAN spec ifications. The Forums goa l is to
ac celerate the introd uc tion of the se system s into the marketp lac e. WiMAX Forum
Certified prod uc ts will be fully interope rab le a nd are expec ted to supp ort Broa db and
Fixed , Portab le and Mob ile Applica tions. Throug h WiMAX Forum-led effo rts, the ec ono mies
of scale made possible by standards-based, interoperable products will drive price andperformance levels unachievable by proprietary approaches. As a result, service providers
worldw ide will be a ble to d eliver econom ical broadb and da ta, voice and video services toboth residential and business customers.
WiMAX Tec hnolog y framework
WiMAX is a standards-based tec hnolog y ena b ling the de livery of last m ile w ireless
broadb and ac cess as an a lternative to c ab le and DSL. Mobile WiMAX tec hnology ena blesthe mo b ility fea tures and a ttributes for the end user. WiMAX will p rovide fixed , noma d ic,
po rtable a nd m ob ile w ireless broad ba nd c onnec tivity without the need for direc t line-of-sight w ith a b ase sta tion. In a typ ica l ce ll radius de ploym ent o f three to 10 kilometers,
WiMAX Forum Certified system s can be expec ted to de liver ca pa c ity of up to 40 Mbp s
pe r channel, for fixed and po rtable a ccess ap plicat ions. This is enoug h b and width to
simultaneo usly support hund reds of b usinesses with T-1 spee d c onnec tivity and t housand s of
reside nces with DSL spe ed connec tivity. Mob ile network dep loyme nts are expec ted to
provide up to 15 Mbps of cap ac ity within a typ ic al ce ll rad ius de ployment o f up to three
kilometers. The WiMAX chipsets will be inco rporate d in notebook com puters, ultra mob ile
PCs, PDAs, and handsets, allow ing fo r portab le outd oo r b roa dband wireless access for
private a nd pub lic sec tors.
Key elements of WiMAX Tec hnology
One of the ma in eleme nts of WiMAX tec hnolog y is the interop erab ility of WiMAXeq uipment, certified by the WiMAX Forum, resulting in ma ss volume and c onfide nce fo r
service p roviders to b uy equipme nt from m ore than one c omp any a nd tha t everything
wo rks toge ther. The WiMAX Forum ha s broug ht to ge ther lead ers in the c om munica tions and
computing industries to d rive a comm on p lat form for the g lob al de ployment of IP-based
broadband wireless services.
The IEEE 802.16 Air Interface Spec ifica tion c onta ins op tions for a number of p hysica l layers
for different frequency bands and region-by-region frequency regulatory rules. In order to
achieve interoperab ility, WiMAX has undertaken the d eve lopm ent o f the System Profilesspec ifying w hich op tions to utilize, Testing Spec ifica tions to verify these spec ific p rofiles, and
Certifica tion Lab s to p ermit vend ors to p rove tha t the ir eq uipme nt me ets these p rofiles and
interoperates.
Other key elements are cost, cove rag e, ca pa c ity and standa rd fo r bo th fixed and mobile
wireless access.
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Figure 1: WiMAX Network
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WiMAX Plug fest Testing
Test architec ture
Five system test c onfigurations are de fined and used in the WiMAX Mob ile Plugfest. A
System Und er Test (SUT) is defined as a ne tw ork co nsisting of one Base Sta tion (BS) and 1 to 3Mo b il Sta tions (MSs). The system will inc lude , whe n necessary, mo nitoring d ev ice s suc h a s a
WiMAX Protocol Ana lyzer and / or a Vec to r Signa l Ana lyzer (VSA). The fo llow ing spec ificconfigurat ions are used in the Plugfest:
SUT1: Sing le BS and Sing le MS One Vend or. SUT2: Sing le BS and Sing le MS Two Vend ors SUT3: Sing le BS and Two MS (from Same Vend or). SUT4: Sing le BS and Two M S (from Diffe rent Ve nd ors). SUT5: Sing le BS and Three MS (Three Diffe rent Vend ors).
Devices in eac h SUT sha ll be interconnec ted by wired me ans.
QoS testing w ill be done in terms of interop erab ility in orde r to em ulate the rea l fina l user
experienc e (i.e. transmission o f data ac cording to the Q oS pa ram eters de fined and
chec king that the QoS of a service flow is not a ffec ted by o ther Best Effort (BE)-typ e d a tatransmissions).
SUT #1: Configuration with Sing le BS and Sing le MS (One Vendor)
Figure 2 be low show s the test c onfigurat ion in which, a single BS1 is conne c ted to a singleMS1. The BS1 and MS1 are from the same vendor. This is generally the initial te st
configurat ion for all vend ors p rior to eng ag ing in inte rop erab ility testing to verify the
op eration of their own eq uipm ent. Vendo rs without both a BS and an MS will not be ab le to
run this test a nd will move to othe r testing.
Figure 2: SUT configuration # 1
SUT #2: Configuration with Sing le BS and Sing le MS (Two Vendors)
In Figure 3 test c onfigurat ion, a single BS is connec ted to a single M S. The BS1 and MS2 are
from different vendors. In th is SUT test c onfiguration, the BS is transmitting a nd receiving da ta
pa cket from a single mobile sta tion (MS1). A monitoring d evice c an b e used to c ap ture a ll
the nec essary MAC messages and PHY/ RF parameters.
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Figure 3: SUT configuration #2
SUT #3: Configuration with Sing le BS and Two MS (from Same Vendor)
Figure 4 shows the SUT test c onfigurat ion # 3. In this SUT te st c onfiguration, the BS is
transmitting a nd rec eiving d a ta pa cket from tw o mob ile sta tions. The tw o MS2s are from the
sam e vendor but d ifferent vendor than the BS1.
Figure 4: SUT configuration #3 and #4
SUT #4: Configuration with Sing le BS and Two MS (from Different Vendors)
In this test c onfiguration a single BS1 is connec ted to two MSs, as shown in Figure 4 (the
same Figure a s SUT # 3). But in this scenario, the two MSs are from the d ifferent vendors. One
of the MS vend ors ma y also b e the BS vend or (as show n) de pe nd ing on equipme nt
ava ilab ility. Of c ourse, a ll three UUT ma y be from d ifferent vend ors.
SUT #5: Single BS and Three MS (Three Different Vend ors)
Figure 5 shows the SUT te st c onfigurat ion # 5. In this te st c onfiguration a single BS is
c onnec ted to th ree M Ss. Eac h of the MSs ma y be from d ifferent ve ndors, or two MSs ma y
be from the sam e ve ndo r or one of the MS could b e from the sam e BS1 vendo r, dep end ing
on the testing sched ule at the Plugfest.
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Fig. 5: SUT configuration #5
Ce rtifica tion Profiles tested in this Plugfest c onsisted of:
2.3-2.4 GHz, 5/ 8.75/10 MHz, TDD 2.496-2.69 GHz, 5/ 10 MHz, TDD 3.4-3.6 GHz, 5/ 7 MHz, TDD 4.935 GHz-4.990 GHz, 5 MHz, TDD
Test Plan
Test scenarios for the WiMAX Plugfe st a re o rganized in three d ifferent groups in the
expec ted flow d esc ribed below to a c hieve exchange of d ata pa cket between vendors
hardware:
Network Entry Procedure Traffic Connec tions Esta b lishment User Data Transfer
The o rder of the Sc ena rios is arrange d according to c om plexity a nd fea sibility. Figure 6
below show s the test seq uenc ing structure fo r the WiMAX Plugfest.
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1 Network Entry Proc edure 1.1 MS(s) Sync hronize to BS
1.2 Ranging
1.3 Cap ab ilities Negotia tion
1.4 Authent ica tion (Not Used )
1.5 Reg istration
2 Traffic Co nne c tions Esta b lishment 2.1 Service Flow Provisioning
2.2 Service Flow Ac tiva tion
3 User Date Transfer 3.1 Downlink PING
3.2 Up link PING
Figure 6: Test scenario structure for WiMAX Mobile 2 Plugfest
Test scena rios we re d eve lope d t o te st ea ch func tiona lity. In orde r to insure tha t a ll the
imp ortant funct iona lities need ed to a chieve interop erability am ong different vend ors
devices a re c onsidered , a tota l numb er of five te st scena rios we re d efined for this WiMAX
Mobile Plugfest. The sc ena rios do not de te rmine if a p rod uc t confo rms to the sta ndard a s
they a re no t d esigned as conformanc e te sts. Rathe r, they p rovide one me thod to isolate
and resolve p rob lems within WiMAX ca pa ble d evices that ma y imp ac t their ab ility to
interoperate.
As an exam ple, scena rio 3 is a Point to Multipoint c onfigurat ion w ith a single base sta tion
and tw o m ob ile sta tions, as shown in Figure 4. The initial testing is with b oth MS from the
same vend or and the subseq uent testing is with the MS1 and MS2 from different ve ndors.
The Network Entry proc ed ure has bo th MSs exec uting the Network Entry Proc ed ureSimultaneously. Below are the seq uenc es of test e vents for Ranging as a part o f te sting
Network Entry Proc ed ure of two MSs exec uting the p roc ed ure simulta neously.
Test Seq uence for Rang ing
The MSs acquire DL sync hronizat ion
The M Ss transmit initial CDMA rang ing c od es ac cording to the UL MAP CDMA a lloc at ions.
The BS transmits rang ing response to ea ch one of the MSs using the ir selec ted CDMA cod e.
The rang ing-responses (RNG-RSP) ma y conta in ad justments to va lues fo r UL TX pow er, time
and freq uenc y. Deta ils of RNG-RSP are d ep icte d in Figure 7 be low.
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Parameter Name Value Remark
Mana gem ent Messag e
Typ e 5 RNG_RSP
Timing Ad justment
Pow er Level Ad just
Offset Freq uenc y Ad just
Rang ing Sta tus 1 or 31 = cont inue, 2 = ab ort, 3 =
success, 4 = re-range
Ranging code attributes
Bits 31:22 - Used to indicate the
OFDM time symb ol refe renc e
tha t was used to transmit theranging code.Bits 21:16 - Used to indicate the
OFDMA subchannel referencetha t was used to transmit the
ranging code.
Bits 15:8 - Used to indic a te the
ranging co de index that wa s
sent by the MS.
Bits 7:0 - The 8 lea st signific ant
bits of the fram e numb er of the
OFDMA fram e w here the MSS
sent the rang ing c od e.
Figure 7. RNG-RSP Contents
The MSs continue to send rang ing c od e if they rec eive RNG-RSP me ssages with the Rang ingSta tus ma rked as c ontinue.
When the adjustm ent is suc cessful, the BS send s a RNG-RSP message w ith the Rang ing
Sta tus ma rked as suc cess . The BS also a lloc a tes Up link alloc at ion to each one of the MSto transmit Range-Req uest m essage, b y UIUC14.
The MSs should t ransmit rang ing-request (RNG-REQ) m essage to the BS spec ifying theirindividua l MAC a ddress. Content of RNG-REQ is dep icte d in Figure 8 below .
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Parame ter Name Value Remark
Ma nagem ent Message Type 4 RNG_REQ
Reserved 0
MAC Version 5
Requested Downlink Burst
Profile0
MS MAC address xxyyxxyyxxyy
Each MS sends
different MAC
Address
Figure 8. RNG-REQ Contents
Figure 9 below conta ins the Rang ing-Response (RNG-RSP) tha t the BS should transmit to the
MSs a lloc a ting d ifferent Basic C ID and Primary Manag em ent C ID to each one of the MSs.
Paramete r Name Value Rema rk
Mana gem ent Messag e
Typ e5 RNG_RSP
MS MAC Ad dress
Basic Ma nag eme nt CID
Prima ry Ma nag ement CID
Rang ing Sta tus 1 or 3 1 = continue, 2 = abort, 3 = suc cess
Figure 9. RNG-RSP Contents
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Key Learnings, Observations, and Future Work
The c ertificat ion p roc ess is divide d into the de velopm ent o f c onformanc e te sting and
interope rability testing. The Plugfest is a p rev iew of full interope rab ility testing which a llow svend ors to ge t a n ea rly look at how we ll their equipment interop erates.
During the Plugfest he ld a t Bechtel Telec ommunica tions in Fred eric k, Maryland, the Forum
had ninetee n vend ors along with three test e quipme nt vendo rs pa rticipa ting. This
represents the largest Plug fest in the histo ry of the WiMAX Forum.
The results of any g iven Plug fest a re no t p ub lished to foste r tec hnica l discussions in
interpreting sta ndards and to resolve a ny po tential ambiguities. How eve r, there are key
learning step s tha t w e can ta ke from this very suc cessful Plugfest.
As with a ll p revious Plugfests, the op portunity to wo rk with o ther vendors in a rea l-time
interope rab le e nvironme nt ena bled all pa rticipants to imp rove their produc ts through
c larifica tion of spec ificat ions. Using either p roto types or planned c om merc ial hardwa re inthis intensive testing environme nt, vendors carried out ob jective d ialogue a bo ut a mb iguities
and anom alies tha t led to the de velop me nt of continuously improving test scena rios. This
Plug fest rea ffirme d one of the key elements of the WiMAX Forum s cha rter which is tode velop a fram ework for high p erformanc e end-to-end IP netwo rk architecture supp orting
sta tionary, portab le, and mob ile usag e mod els.
It is also imp ortant to empha size t hat one wee k of interac tion with a variety o f vend ors at a
Plugfest c an o ften result in expo nential prod uc t improveme nt tha t wo uld ha ve only be en
ac hieved through months of c ompa ny in-house testing. The va lue-adde d expe rienc e of aPlugfest c an for many vendo rs bring a bo ut an a ccelerate d p ath to WiMAX Forum produc t
certificat ion tha t would otherwise ha ve b een a muc h mo re lab orious process.
This Plugfest c ont inued the evolution of WiMAX testing method ology and tools, such asWiMAX dev ice p rotoc ols or MAC a nd PHY up link and downlink monitoring. Ensuring
op timum testing resolved connec tivity p rob lems be tween d ifferent ve ndo rs which w ere theultima te go a l of this Plugfest.
Imp ortant improvements have be en a chieved during this Plugfest, both in technical and
orga niza tiona l aspe c ts. On the tec hnica l side, the Plugfest results, in te rms of interoperab ilityamo ng ve ndors devices, are even b etter than in previous Plugfests. A tota l of 6 different
Ce rtifica tion Profiles com prising MTG a nd ETG spec ifica tions we re suc cessfully tested . The
tec hnology c learly showed a significant lea p ahead in maturity w ith tw elve d ifferent BS-MS
setup s achieving ne twork entry and p ing connec tivity within the first da y of testing. It s
imp ortant to note that the numbe r of successful connec tions ob ta ined during the first d ay
of this Plugfest is similar to the results typically obtained after four days of testing in previousPlugfe sts. Finally, a t the end of the third d ay of testing , ten BS-MS set -ups had a chieved
video strea ming and FTP transfers, and an add itiona l five other BS-MS setupshad shown
multipoint video streaming.
The d ep endenc e from external resources during testing has been minimized compa red to
previous Plugfests. The p artic ipa ting eng ineer tea ms have be en a ble to do all the c hang es
required on their implementations in real time, avoiding any delay in the testing and
therefo re a llow ing more effe c tive testing hours. This lessened d ep end enc y on external
resources led to m ore focused de briefing mee tings at the end of ea ch da y. These
de briefings ena bled exped ited ag reem ent on c omm on interpreta tions and also on those
com plex issues tha t w ill be rep orted to MTG a nd ETG fo r further stud y and eve ntua l
approval.
The Bec hte l, CETECOM, and WiMAX Forum log istics teams achieve d a h igh level of
cooperative planning on all requirements for this event such as power, Internet, and other
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Plugfest support req uirements. Underlying a ll of this wa s Bec htel s com mitme nt to safe ty,
security, and comfort for all participants.
The fo llow ing imp rovem ents are planned fo r future sessions:
Due to the increasing num be r of d ifferent d evices and profiles supp orted b y the ve ndo rsand the specialization required from their engineers, the current number of allowed
eng ineers per vendor will be increased .
Future Plugfests will be held a t larger fac ilities to ena b le registration o f new me mb ers tha t
are p lanning to ma ke WiMAX prod uc ts.
Terminology
BE Best Effort
BS
CDMA
CWG
DL
ETG
Base Station
Code Division Multiple Access
Certification Working Group
Downlink
Evo lutionary Task Group
MAC
MS
MTG
OFDM
OFDMA
PHY
Media Ac cess Control
Mob ile Station
Mobile Task Group
Orthogona l Frequenc y Division Multiplex ing
Orthogona l Frequenc y Division Multiple Ac cess
Physical Layer
QoS Qua lity of Servic e
RF
RNG-RSP
Radio Frequency
Ranging Response
MS Mobile Station
SUT System Under Test
TDD
TWG
UP
UUT
VoIP
VSA
Time Division Duplex
Tec hnica l Working Group
Uplink
Unit Und er Test
Voice ove r Internet Protocol
Vec tor Signa l Analyzer
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Acknowledgments
The WiMAX Forum Certificat ion Working Group wo uld like to a cknowled ge the support of
CETECOM Labs and Bec hte l in ho sting the Forums 5th
WiMAX Plugfe st which was theForum s third Public Plugfest. Muc h p lanning a nd prep arat ion since the Sop hia Ant ipolis,
Franc e Plugfest event p roved to be instrumenta l in ena bling vend ors to pa rticipa te and test
with other vendors de monstrat ing tha t interope rab ility can b e a c hieved . Partic ipa ting
vend ors include d, Ada ptix, Airspan, Alca tel, Altair Semiconduc tor, Alvarion, Bec eem
Comm unica tions, Intel, M/A-COM, Mo torola, Na vini Netw orks, p icoChip, POSDATA,
Runc om , Samsung, Seq uans, and SOMA Networks.
Participat ing te st too l vend ors include d Invenova , CETECOM Spa in, and Rohd e & Schwa rz.
The WiMAX Forum Ce rtificat ion Working Group wo uld like to extend profound tha nks for theva luab le tec hnica l insights and ob servat ions cont ributed by Esma el Dinan Bec htel Labs,
Jose d e La Plaza CETECO M Lab s and Ed Ag is Intel in writing this White Paper fo r the first
pub lic Mobile WiMAX Plugfest.
For mo re informa tion a bout WiMAX related tec hnolog ies, visit the WiMAX Forum s website at
www.wimaxforum.org.
http://www.wimaxforum.org/http://www.wimaxforum.org/