Download - Mnemonic s
Your Login ID :
900003249
Your Password : prakashpriyanka
First Security Question : First name of the Person you like most ?
Your Answer : prakash
Second Security Question : First Name Of Your Best Friend?
Your Answer : bharti
Peripheral signs of aortic
regurgitation
(Thanks to Saurabh Patel)
ARathi Got Low Quality BCG, DPT & MMR from PHC
AR- Aortic Regurgitation
G=gerhard sign
L=landolfis sign, lighthouse sign
Q=quinckes sign
B=becker sign
C=corrigans neck sign
G=gerhard sign
D=de mussets sign, duroziez sign
P=pistol shot femorals, pulse pressure wide
T=traubes sign
M=muller sign
M=mayne sign
R=rosenbch sign
P=pulsus bisferiens
H=hills sign
C=collapsing pulse(corrigans pulse)
2.) Oncogenic viruses Oncogenic viruses :
DNA viruses
'HE is my PAPa'
Hepatitis B virus
Epstein Barr virus
Pox virus
Adenovirus
Pappilloma virus
RNA viruses
'His Salary Feeds Me'
Human T cell leukemia virus
Sarcoma viruses
Feline Leukemia virus
Mammary tumor virus
3. Differentials Of "FLEA BITTEN KIDNEY"
(Thanks to Anuthara Charms )
Differentials Of "FLEA BITTEN KIDNEY"-
We Hate PSM (or SPM)
W- Wegener's granulomatosis
H- Henoch schonlein purpura P- Post-
streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (PSGN). Polyarteritis
nodosa
S- Sub acute bacterial endocarditis (SABE), SLE, Syndrome
of Good Pasteur
M- Malignant hypertension.
4.
Fragile X Syndrome
M's of fragile-X Syndrome:
Male
Mental retardation
Macro orchidism
Mutation in FMR1 gene (caused by Methylation of part of chromosome)
Multiple CGG repeats
Maxillary excess (Long face)
Muscle tone decreased
Mothers (females) are obligatory carriers
Reactions:
Adhesion Molecules involved in Cancer Pathology
To remember the adhesion molecules involved in invasion by local cancer cells rememberFeViCoL:
FibronEctin
VImentin
COllagen
Laminin
Reactions:
Myocardial infarction Definition (CAP)
Evidence of myocardial necrosis with any 1 of the following:
1. Cardiac biomarkers (pref. Troponins) showing sudden rise or fall
2. Sudden unexpected cardiac death involving cardiac Arrest
3. Pathological findings of acute MI
Signs of MI (windows VISTA)
1. Vagal activation (vomiting, bradycardia)
2. Impaired myocard. Func. (s1,s2 soft; hypotension; inc. JVP; Oliguria; Cold, clammy skin)
3. Sympathetic activation (Pallor, sweating, tachycardia)
4. Tissue damage (Low grade fever)
5. A complication (MR / VSD producing pansystolic murmur
Enzymes elevated in MI (TALC - talcum powder)
1. Troponin T/I
2. AST
3. LDH
4. CK-MB
Complications of MI
Immediate (RAILgaadi)
a) RV infarction
b) Arrythmias (VT, AF, VF) - may also be due to I.v. Xylocaine overdose
c) LHF
Early (PSVT ka MELA laga hua hai !!)
a) Pericarditis
b) Sudden death
c) VSD
d) Thromboembolic complications (Pulmonary, Arterial)
e) MR (Papillary muscle dysfunction or rupture)
f) LV free wall rupture (Pericardial tamponade)
g) Arterial compl. (same as mentioned in d) )
Late (PADS)
a) Psychological reaction (DADDA- Denial, Acceptance, Dependency, Depression, Adjustment - this is from
earliest change to last)
b) Arrythmias (ventricular like VF, VT)
c) Dressler’s syndrome (Autoimmune phenomenon characterized by fever, pericarditis, pleuritis, pneumonitis)
d) Shoulder (Frozen shoulder) – Pain n stiffness of left shoulde
Reactions:
Causes of Osteoporosis
Causes of osteoporosis are ACCESS :
Alcohol
Corticosteroids
Calcium deficiancy (low intake)
Eostrogen deficiency
Smoking
Sedentary Lifestyle
Reactions:
Biliary tract Lesions: shared by Ankit Patel
Pain - Cholelithiasis
Pain + Pyrexia - Acute Cholecystitis
Pain + Jaundice - Choledocholithiasis
Pain + Pyrexia + Jaundice (Charcot's triad) - Ascending Cholangitis
Credit goes to Dr. Barone.
Reactions:
Causes of upper lobe fibrosis of the lung
(shared by Adzmie Baharuddin )
S - silicosis, sarcoidosis
C - coal worker pneumoconiosis
H - histiocytosisA - allergic bronchopulmonary aspergilosis (ABPA), ankylosing spondylitis
R - radiation
T - tuberculosis
Reactions:
Hepatic Encephalopathy HEPATICUS
Haemorrhage,
Electrolye imbalance (↓K+ alkalosis),
protein XS (↑NH4+ XS),
Alcohol/ Analgesics,
Trauma,
Infxn,
Constipation,
Uraemia,
Surgery (post systemic shunt)
Reactions:
Aneurysm types
MAD SCAB:
Mycotic
Atherosclerotic
Dissecting
Syphilitic
Capillary microaneurysm
Arteriovenous fistula
Berry
Reactions:
Nephritic syndrome: glomerular diseases commonly presenting as
nephritic syndrome
PARIS:
Post-streptococcal
Alport's
RPGN
IgA nephropathy
SLE
· Alternatively: PIG ARMS to include Goodpasture's [one cause of RPGN], Membranoproliferative [only sometimes
included in the classic nephritic list].
Reactions:
Portal hypertension: features
ABCDE:
Ascites
Bleeding (haematemesis, piles)
Caput medusae
Diminished liver
Enlarged spleen CATEGORIES: MEDICINE, PATHOLOGY, SURGERY
Reactions:
WBC Count:
"Nobody Likes My Educational Background"
"60, 30, 6, 3, 1"
Neutrophils 60%
Lymphocytes 30%Monocytes 6%
Eosinophils 3%
Basophils 1%
Rheumatic Fever
MODIFIED JONES CRITERIA
MAJOR CRITERIA
"CASES"
C- Carditis
A- Arthritis (not Arthralgias i.e polyarthritis)
S- Syndhem's Chorea
E- Erythema Marginatum (not nodosum)
S- Subcutaneous Nodules
Minor Criteria
"PEACH-Fever"
P- Prolonged PR interval
E- ESR raised
A- Arthralgias (not arthritis),
Acute phase reactants : leukocytosis, elevated sedimentation rate, and C -reactive protein
C- C-reactive protein increased
H- History of previous rheumatic fever, rheumatic heart disease
& Fever
Diabetic ketoacidosis: I vs. II ketONE bodies are seen in type ONE diabetes.
MHC I and MHC II: T cell type 'MHC x T cell=8'
MHC II goes with CD4 (2x4=8)
MHC I goes with CD8 (1x8=8)
You might also like:
Parkinson's disease
Causes of Osteoporosis
Hyperthyroidism: signs and symptoms
Corticosteroids: Side effects
Confusing similar blood cell appearance SAIL and BERU-
S-Schistocyte also known as
A-Acanthocyte
I-Irregular spikes on surface
L-liver disease
B-Burr cells also known as
E-Echinocyte
R-Regular spikes
U-Uremia
0 comments
Email ThisBlogThis!Share to TwitterShare to FacebookShare to Google Buzz
Links to this post
CATEGORIES: PATHOLOGY
Reactions:
Parkinson's disease: symptoms PQRST:
Paucity of expression
parQinson
Rigidity (cogwheel)
Stooped posture
Tremor at rest
· If can't remember that Parkinson's tremor is the one that is "resting tremor", look at the last 3 letters: RST.
0 comments
Email ThisBlogThis!Share to TwitterShare to FacebookShare to Google Buzz
Links to this post
CATEGORIES: PATHOLOGY
Reactions:
Renal failure (chronic): consequences ABCDEFG:
Anemia
-due to less EPO
Bone alterations
-osteomalacia
-osteoporosis
-von Recklinghausen
Cardiopulmonary
-atherosclerosis
-CHF
-hypertension
-pericarditis
D vitamin loss
Electrolyte imbalance
-sodium loss/gain
-metabolic acidosis
-hyperkalemia
Feverous infections
-due to leukocyte abnormalities and dialysis hazards
GI disturbances
-haemorrhagic gastritis
-peptic ulcer disease
-intractable hiccups
0 comments
Email ThisBlogThis!Share to TwitterShare to FacebookShare to Google Buzz
Links to this post
CATEGORIES: PATHOLOGY
Reactions:
Polycystic ovary: morphology, presentation
· Morphology is poly-C:
Cysts
Capsule thickened
Cortical stromal fibrosis
· Clinical presentation is OVARY:
Obese
Virilism or hirsuitism
Amenorrhoea
Reproductive disorder [infertile]
Young woman
Hypertension: secondary hypertension causes CHAPS:
Cushing's syndrome
Hyperaldosteronism [aka Conn's syndrome]
Aorta coarctation
Phaeochromocytoma
Stenosis of renal arteries
· Note: only 5% of hypertension cases are secondary, rest are primary
Hepatic Encephalopathy HEPATICUS
Haemorrhage,
Electrolye imbalance (↓K+ alkalosis),
protein XS (↑NH4+ XS),
Alcohol/ Analgesics,
Trauma,
Infxn,
Constipation,
Uraemia,
powered by
THROMBOSIS
Causes of DVT
Trauma,
Hormones-OCP'S
Road traffic accidents,
Operations-cholecystectomy,
Malignancy,
Blood disorders-polycythemia,
Obesity,Old age,Orthopedic surgery,
Serious illness,
Immobilisation,
Splenctomy.
Types of Mesenteric Cysts C = Chylolymphatic cyst (Commonest)
U = Urogenital remnant cyst
T = Teratomatous / Dermoid cyst
E = Enterogenous Cyst
Ranson's criteria "LEGAL"
Leucocytes >16000
Enzyme AST >250
Glucose >200
Age >55
LDH >350
Ranson's criteria is used to predict the severity of acute pancreatitis.
Drugs causing pancreatitis (complete list) shared by Iqbal Bashir GLAD Organ Pancreas iS Traumatised n Destroyed Very Much
Glucocorticoids L-asparaginase Alcohol Diuretics Ocp's Pentamidine Sulfonamides
Didanosine Tetracyclines Valproate Methyldopa
8 C's of cholangiocarcinoma(risk factors) Caroli's disease
Choledochal cyst
Colitis(ulcerative colitis)
Cholangitis(sclerosing)
Clonorchis sinensis
Cong.hepatic fibrosis
C/c typhoid carrier state
Carcinogens like rubber,automotive factories.
Drugs causing gynaecomastia. "DESI Gossypol R Most Common Cause oF Gynaecomastia in Kommon People"
D- Digitalis
E-Ethionamide,Estrogen
S-Spirinolactone
I- INH
Gossypol-Griseofulvin
R- Reserpine
Most-Methyl dopa
Common- Cyperoterone acetate,cimitidine,
Cause-clomiphine,Calcium antagonist
oF-Flutamide
Gynaecomastia- Goserelin
Kommon-Ketoconazole
People-Phenytoin.
drugs causing pul fibrosis
BBC MAN
B-BLEOMYCIN
B-BUSULPHAN
C-CYCLOPHOSAMIDE
M-METHOTREXATE
A-AMIODARONE
N-NITROFURANTOIN
Respiratory depression inducing drugs "STOP breathing":
Sedatives and hypnotics
Trimethoprim
Opiates
Polymyxins
Drugs causing photosensitivity :
(shared by Sourabh Jain)
PQRST AND CNG P- Phenothiazines
Q- Quinine, Quinolones, Quinidine R- Retinoids S- Sulphonamides, Sulfonylureas T- Tetracyclines, Thiazides A- Amiodarone N- NSAID'S-- Ibuprofen, naproxen, celecoxib D- Dapsone C- Chloroquine, Chlorpromazine N- Nalidixic acid G- Griseofulvin
Causes of asterixis (flapping tremor)
' DRUGS (ABC) FAILED Helping Him '
DRUGS (ABC) : - Alcohol ...- Barbiturate - carbamazepine FAILED : - respiratory failure - liver failure - renal failure Helping : [[[ H = HYPO ]]] - hypoglycemia - hypokalemia - hypomagnesemia Him : [[[ H = HEMORRHAGE ]]] - intracerebral hemorrhage - subarachinoid hemorrhage - subdural hematoma
Hyperthyroidism: signs and symptoms THYROIDISM:
Tremor
Heart rate up
Yawning [fatigability]
Restlessness
Oligomenorrhea & amenorrhea
Intolerance to heat
Diarrhoea
Irritability
Sweating
Musle wasting & weight loss
Hyperthyroidism: signs and symptoms THYROIDISM:
Tremor
Heart rate up
Yawning [fatigability]
Restlessness
Oligomenorrhea & amenorrhea
Intolerance to heat
Diarrhoea
Irritability
Sweating
Musle wasting & weight loss
Parkinson's disease (shared by Zeeshan Sayani )
SMART
SHUFFLING GAIT(AKA FESTINANT GAIT),
MASK LIKE FACIES,
AKINESIA(OR BRADYKINESIA),
RIGIDITY,
TREMOR AT REST.
Cushing's syndrome
Cushing's syndrome
shared by DrAhmad Abusham
C - Central obesity, Cervical fat pads, Collagen fibre weakness, Comedones (acne)
U - Urinary free cortisol and glucose increase S - Striae, Suppressed immunity
.H - Hypercortisolism, Hypertension, Hyperglycemia, Hypercholesterolemia, Hirsutism I - Iatrogenic (Increased administration of corticosteroids) N - Noniatrogenic (Neoplasms) G - Glucose intolerance, Growth retardation
Causes of seizures
shared by Muhammad Nadeem
VITAMIN
Vascular(stroke),
Infections,
Trauma,
AV malformation,
Metabolic
Idiopathic
Neoplasm
Causes of nocturnal cough
shared by Sunita Biradar
BPL-ACT
1)Bronchial asthma 2)Post nasal drip 3)Left side heart failure 4)Aspiration 5)Chronic bronchitis 6)Tropical eosinophilìa
Croup: symptoms
"3 S's"
Stridor
Subglottic swelling
Seal-bark cough
Causes of Chronic Diarrhoea
Remember the 5 Cs as Causes of Chronic diarrhoea: (there are more causes to be added)
Crohn's disease
Colitis (Ulcerative) or Ulcerative Colitis
Coeliac diseases
Cystic fibrosis
Cow's milk intolerance
Corticosteroids: Side effects (shared by Syed Asif Bukhari ) CORTICOSTERIODS
C-cushings syndrome
O-osteoporosis
R-retardation of growth
T-thin skin n easy brusibility
I-infections n immunosupression
C-cataract n glaucoma
O-odema
S-supression of HPA axis
T-thining n ulceration of gastric mucosa
E-Emotional disturbance
R-rise in BP
I-Increase in hair growth(hirsuitism)
O-otherz like fetal abnormalties n hypokalemia
D-diabetes mellitus precipitation
S-stria
Osteomalacia: Radiological features "Loose Penicillin Fish"
Looser's zone (pseudo fractures)
Penicilling in of vertebral bodies
Codfish vertebrae
CHAMP SMALL FOR GESTATIONAL AGE BABY GETS FOLLOWING PROBLEMS: [CHAMP] - REMEMBER THAT
SGA BABY WILL BECOME A CHAMP.
C - CONGENITAL ANOMALIES
H - HYPOGLYCEMIA, HYPOCALCEMIA,
A - ASPHYXIA
M - MECONIUM ASPIRATION SYNDROME
P - POLCYTHEMIA, PUL. HEMORRHAGE
Atrial fibrillation: causes PIRATES "
Pulmonary: Pulmonary embolism, COPD
Iatrogenic
Rheumatic heart disease
Atherosclerotic heart disease
Thyrotoxicosis
Endocarditis
Sick sinus syndrome
Kawasaki Disease My Heart
Mucosal involvement like dry chapped lips and strawberry tongue
Hands and feet with edema and desquamation (late in the disease)
Eyes non purulent bilateral conjunctivitis
Adenopathy often cervical unilateral > 1.5 cm lymph nodes enlargement
Rash usually truncal and pleomorphic
Temperature non remitting fever for at least five days
Ulcerative colitis: features
ULCERATIONS:
Ulcers
Large intestine
Carcinoma [risk]
Extraintestinal manifestations
Remnants of old ulcers [pseudopolyps]
Abscesses in crypts
Toxic megacolon [risk]
Inflamed, red, granular mucosa
Originates at rectum
Neutrophil invasion
Stools bloody
COPD: 4 types and hallmark ABCDE:
Asthma
Brochiectasis
Chronic bronchitis
Dyspnea [hallmark of group]
Emphysema
· Alternatively: replace Dyspnea with Decreased FEV1/FVC ratio.
Apoptosis vs. necrosis "LIFELESS" (since cells are dead):
· Differences are in:
Leaky membranes
Inflammatory response
Fate
Extent
Laddering
Energy dependent
Swell or shrink
Stimulus