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MLA 101
November 7, 2012
Ms. Munson’s English Class
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Support your Argument!
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Lawyerly skills + Evidence from Book = Success
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What is MLA?
MLA stands for Modern Language Association
Xavier High School requires students to use MLA as a guideline in formatting research papers and citing sources (print or online)
MLA basically consists of two components:
1. A Works Cited Page
2. In text citations via Signal Phrases or Parentheses
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But what does that really mean?
When writing a paper, you must give credit to any thought that is not your own or considered common knowledge.
Otherwise, it is considered plagiarism.
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But what is common knowledge?
Common knowledge is information that the majority of people either know or can find in a number of sources.
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Examples of Common Knowledge
• There are four seasons in the year
• The Yankees are a baseball team in NY
• There are 365 days in a year
What are some examples of common knowledge that you can think of?
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Does this information need to be cited?
• George Washington was the first President of the United States of America.
• Washington’s definition of the public good was expansive-it included the formation of the individual’s character’s but nonethless, he did not promote support of religion as an end in and of itself.
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Two Components of MLA
1. In text citations via Signal Phrases or Parentheses
2. A Works Cited Page
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Citing a Book by One Author
Last Name, First. Title of Book. Place of
Publication: Publisher, Date of
Publication. Medium.
Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. New
York: Penguin Books, 1993. Print.
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In the MLA World..
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Citing a Book by One Author
Last Name, First. Title of Book. Place of
Publication: Publisher, Date of
Publication. Medium.
Steinbeck, John. Of Mice and Men. New
York: Bantam Books, 1988. Print.
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Works Cited
• It always starts on a fresh page• It is attached to the end of your paper• Works Cited is centered. No italics or bold• Alphabetize the list of entries • Double space within the entry• Double space between each entry• Entry is flush left, tab each subsequent
line in entry
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Citing Steinbeck IN your Paper
You can cite someone else’s work in your paper by:
1. Using a Signal Phrase
2. Including Author in Parenthetical Citation
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Example #1
The setting Steinbeck chose for this story brilliantly underscores the theme of man’s isolation and the need for commitment.
-Page 145 from an essay by Louis Owens in an Anthology
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What is a Signal Phrase
A phrase that signifies to the reader that a direct quote is about to follow.
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Using a Signal Phrase
Owens proposes that “the setting Steinbeck chose for this story brilliantly underscores the theme of man’s isolation and need for commitment” (146).
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Examples of Signal Phrases
• Owens believes that “• Owens asserts that “• Owens argues that “ • Owens reasons that “• Owens insists that “• Owens suggests that “
MIX IT UP!
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Using an Author in Parenthetical Citation
The setting plays a pivotal role in the novella, as it sets to “brilliantly underscore the theme of man’s isolation and need for commitment” (Owens 146).
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Block Quotes 23a
If you’re quote is more than four typed lines, you must block quote it.
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References
Owl Purdue Writing Lab
Ms. Tong’s Adventures in Library Land blog
www.xavierhs.org/library