The Role of Honeybees in the Pollination of Lucerne 179
affected by bees, with a report on means of increasing the population of native bees. Sci. Agr. 26, 388-418.
PANKIW, P., and BOLTON, J. L., 1965: Characteristics of alfalfa flowers and their effects on seed production. Can. J. Plant. Sci. 45, 333-342.
I’EDERSEN, M. W., 1961 : Lucerne pollination. Bee World 42, 145-149. PETKOV, V., and SIMIDCHIEV, T., 1967: Study on the role of bees in lucerne pollination. In
REINHARDT, J. F., 1953: Some responses of honey bees to alfalfa flowers. Am. Naturalist
SEDIVY, J., and OBRTEL, R., 1968: Observations on bees pollinating lucerne in Czecho-
STEUCKARDT, R., 1962: Untersuchungen iiber die Wirksamkeit von Honigbienen Apis
TYSDAL, H. M., 1940: Is tripping necessary for seed setting in alfalfa. J. Amer. SOC. Agron.
VANSELL, G. H., 1955: Alfalfa pollen on nectar-collecting honey bees. J. econ. Ent. 48, 477.
Bulgarian with English summary. Rastenievadni Nauki 4, 81-92.
86, 257-275.
slovakia (Hym., Apidae). Z. ang. Ent. 62, 121-138.
mellifica bei der Luzernebestaubung. 2. Pflanzenzucht. 47, 21-50.
32, 570-585.
National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, U.A.R.
Mites Associated with Deciduous Fruit Trees in U. A. R. By ALY H. RASMY, M. A. ZAHER and B. A. ABOU-AWAD
Abstract
44 species of 17 families of mites associated with deciduous fruit trees (grape, apple, pear, quince, apricot, plum, peach, cherry, pomegranate, pecan, almond) were recorded in U.A.R. 13 species were phytophagous, 28 species were presumably predacious, and three species were presumably scavengers and fungus feeders.
Introduction
Several workers reported different mite species associated with deciduous fruit trees. In apple orchards of U.S.A., GARMAN (1948) recorded 28 mite species and SPECHT (1968) listed the occurrence of 15 species of phytoseiid mites. In Canada RASMY and MACPHEE (1970) surveyed 57 species of mites associated with apple trees. In Egypt, ZAHER and EL-BADRY (1 962 and 1964) ; SOLIMAN (1966) and ZAHER (in press) recorded several species of mites in- habiting deciduous fruit trees.
A general survey of the mites was carried out in 35 orchards in Lower Egypt during fall, winter, spring and summer. Samples of leaves, twigs, buds, fruits and dropped fruits of grapes (Vitis vinifera), apple (Malus domestica), pear (Pyrus communis), quince (Cydonia oblonga), apricot (Pru- nus armeniaca), plum ( P . salicina), peach ( P . persica), cherry (Prunus sp.), pomegranate (Punica granatum), pecan (Carya pecan), and almond (Prunus amygdalus) were examined for the presence of mites. The mites were classi-
2. ang. Ent. 70 (1972), 179-183 @ 1972 Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg und Berlin
180 A. H . Rasmy, M . A. Zaher and B. A. Abou-Awad
fied as plant feeders, predators, scavengers and fungus feeders according to the systems of BAKER and WHARTON (1952) and BAKER et al. (1958).
Results
The results are summarized in tables 1 ,2 and 3. 44 species of mites representing 17 families were collected: 13 phytopha-
gous, 28 presumably predacious, and three presumably scavengers or fungus feeders. The predacious mites of the families Phytoseiidae; Tydeidae, and Stigmaeidae were widely distributed in noticeable numbers all cover Lower Egypt. The phytoseiids, particularly Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henroit) were the most commonly encountered predators. The eupalopsellid mite was found associated with scale insects in noticeable numbers, on pear trees in Alexandria. On the other hand, cheyletid, cunaxid, bdellid, hemisarcoptid, neophyllobiid and ascid mites were recorded in rare numbers on deciduous fruit trees. The oribatid, Siculobata sicula (Berlese) was noted in high num-
Table 1
List of phytophagous mites infesting deciduous fruit trees in Egypt
Hosts Sites and remarks
Tetranychidae Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Bois.)
Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein)
Oligonychus mangiferus (R. & S . )
Bryobia urtica (Sayed)
Cenopalpus pulcher (C. & F.)
Panonychus #!mi (Koch)
Tenuipalpidae
C. lanceolatisetae (Attiah)
Brevipalpus obovatus (Donn.)
Brevipalpus californicus (Banks)
Brevipalpus phoenicis (Geijskes)
Tenuipalpus punica (P. & K.)
Tennipalpus granati (Sayed)
Eriophyidae Eriophyes pyri (Pgst.)
All hosts except cherry, Pomeg- ranate
pear, peach
pear pear pear
apple, quince plum
pear, apricot, peach, plum pear, apple, quince, peach apple, apricot, pear, plum, cherry aoole, pear, quince, plum pomegranate
pear
Leaves, buds, fruits; persistent pest in Alexandria orchard; heavy infestatiog in summer Leaves; in noticeable numbers on pear Leaves; one specimen Leaves; wide spread Leaves; one specimen
Leaves, buds, fruits: prevalent on apple and quince Leaves, buds, fruits; prevalent Leaves, buds; common
Leaves, buds, fruits; common
Leaves, buds: wide spread Leaves, buds, fruits; wide spread; heavy infestation in summer Leaves, buds, fruits; wide spread, heavy infestation in summer
Buds; one specimen
Mites Associated w i t h Deciduous Fruit Trees in U.A.R. 181
Table 2
List of predacious mites inhabiting deciduous fruit trees in Egypt
Hosts Sites and remarks
Ph ytoseiidae Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henroit)
Amblyseius s ; ~
A . cordia (Muma) Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks)
Typhlodromus pyri (Scheuten)
Tetramedius sp. Phytoseius plumifer (C. & F.)
All hosts except almond, cherry, pomegranate, apricote apple, grape, cherry pear, apple apple
apple, quince, pear, apricot, pomegranate peach quince
Leaves buds, fruits; prevalent
Leaves; common
Leaves; rare Leaves, buds; in noticeable numbers Leaves; one specimen
Leaves; one specimen Leaves, rare
As c i d a e Proctolaelaps pygmalus (Miller) pear, apple Leaves, common
Agistemus exsertus Gonzales All hosts except Leaves, buds; prevalent Stigmaeidae
pomegranate, almond
Agistemus sp. apple Leaves; one specimen Mediolata sp. pear, plum Leaves; two specimens Barbuta sp. pear, apple Leaves; two specimens Eupalopsis aegyptiaca Zaher & Soliman plum Leaves; one specimen
Eupalopsellidae Soniosulus nudus Summer pear, apple Leaves, buds; wide
grape spread; associated with scale insects
Neophyllobiidae Neophyllobius aegyptium Zaher & Soliman pear Leaves; one specimen
Rhaphignathidae Rhaphignathus sp. p e y , apple, Leaves; rare
quince, grape
Tydeidae Tydeus californicus (Banks)
Pronematus ubiquitus (Mc. G.)
Paralorryia sp. pear Paratriophytydeus sp. pear
all hosts except cherry, pecan, almond, plum apple, pear almond, grape pomegranate
Tydiopronematus sp. grape
Leaves, buds fruits; the most common tydeid mite Leaves, buds; prevalent on apple Leaves; one specimen Leaves; one specimen Leaves; one specimen
Cheyletidae Cheletogenes ornatus (C. & F.) pear, apple, Leaves, buds, fruits;
apricote, plum the most common rheyletid mite Leaves; two specimens Paracheyletia bakeri (Ehara)
Paracheyletia sp. grape, apple Leaves; rare Acoaropsis sp. apple Leaves; one specimen
182 A . H . Rasmy, M. A . Zaher and B. A . Abou-Awad
Table 2 continued
Hosts Sires and remarks
Hemisarcoptidae Hemisarcoptes malus (Shimer) pear Leaves; buds; associated
with scale insects; rare
Cunaxidae
Bdellidae Cmaxa setirostris (Herm.) pear Leaves; one specimen
Spinibdella sp. grape Leaves; one specimen
Table 3
List of scavenger and fungus feeder mites associated with deciduous fruit trees in Egypt
Hosts Sites and remarks
Tarsonemidae
Acaridae Tarsonemus smithi (Ewing) grape Leaves; two specimens
Tyrophagous pNdrescentiae (Shrand) apple, pear, Leaves; common quince grape
Oribatulidae Siwlobata sicula (Berlese) Most hosts Leaves, buds, fruits;
the most common oribatid mite, in great numbers in Tahreer province
bers in Tahreer on most deciduous fruit trees but it did not show an obvious role. In the Nile Delta, the phytophagous mites of the genera Cenopulpus and Tenuipalpus were recorded as persistent pests while mites of the genus Brevipalpus were found as occasional pests. The red spider mite, Tetrunychus cinnubarinus (Bois.) was the main acarine pest infesting apple and pear trees in AIexandria orchards. The eriophyid mite, Eriophyes pyri (Pgst.) was noted rareIy on pear buds in one orchard at Alexandria.
Zusammenfassung
Obersicht iiber die in der V.A.R. auf laubabwerfenden Obstgewachsen lebenden Milben 44 Milbenarten aus 17 Familien wurden an Wein, Apfel, Birne, Quitte, Aprikose, Pflaume, Pfirsich, Kirsche, Granatapfel, Pekanus und Mandel registriert: 13 phytophage, 28 mutmai3- lich rauberische sowie 3 Abfall und Pilze fressende Arten. Die Milbenarten werden fami- lienweise unter Angabe der Wirte, der Lebensweise und Haufigkeit aufgezahlt.
References
BAKER, E. W., and WHARTON, G. W., 1952: An Introduction to Acarology. Macmillan Co., New York, pp. 1-465.
BAKER, E. W., CAMIN, J. H., CUNLIFFE, F., WOLLEY, T. A., and YUNKER, C. E., 1958: Guide to Families of Mites. Inst. of Acarology, Univ. of Maryland, College Park, Cont. 3 pp. 1-242.
Mites Associated with Deciduous Fruit Trees in U.A.R. 183
(;ARMAN, P., 1948: Mite species from apple trees in Connecticut. Bull. Conn. Agric. EXP. Stn. 520.
RASMY, A. H., and MACPHEE, A. W., 1970: Mites associated with apple in Nova Scotia. Can. Ent. 102, 172-175.
SPECHI, H. B., 1968: Phytoseiidae (Acarina: Mesostigmata) in the New Jersy apple orchard environment with descriptions of spermatheca and three new species. Can. Ent. 100;
SOLIMAN, 2. R., 1966: General survey of mites associated with fruit trees in U.A.R. with special reference to family Cheyletidae Ph. D.-Thesis, Faculty of Agric., Cairo Uni- versity.
ZAHER, M. A., and EL-BADRY, E. A., 1962: Abundance of mites and insects predacious on tetranychid and tenuipalpid mites in Giza. Bull. SOC. Entom. Egypt, pp. 429-441.
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ZAHER, M. A., WAFA, A. K., and YOUSEF, A. A.: Survey of tenuipalpid mites in U.A.R.
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National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, U.A.R.
Mites Associated with Citrus in the Nile Delta (U.A.R.)
By ALY H. RASMY, M. A. ZAHER and M. E. ALBAGOURY
Abstract
42 species of 18 families of mites associated with citrus trees (orange, mandarine, lemon, kumquat, grape-fruit) were recorded in lower Egypt. 9 species were phytophagous, 25 species were presumably predacious and 8 species were presumably scavengers and fungus feeders.
Introduction
The fauna of citrus trees includes many species of mites, these are phytopha- gous and predacious as well as scavengers and fungus feeders. Several of these have been studied extensively in small groups and individually, but gross examination of the mites have been relatively neglected with the excep- tion of a paper by ZAHER et a1 (in press) who recorded 38 mite species inhab- iting citrus orchards in U.A.R.
A thorough survey of citrus mites covering 200 orchards in the Nile Delta and the Mediterranean coastal region in Egypt was carried during winter, spring, summer and fall of 1967 and 1968. Samples of leaves, fruits, buds and litters of orange (Citrus sinensis varieties Navel, Baladi, Sukkari), man- darine (Citrus reticulata var. Baladi), lemon (Citrus lernonia var. Addalia; Citrus aurantifolia var. Baladi; Citrus rnedica var. Valencia), kumquat (Fortunella rnargarita) and grape-fruit (Citrus paradisi) were examined. The mites were classified as plant feeders and predators as well as scavengers and
2. ang. Ent. 70 (1972), 183-186 @ 1972 Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg und Berlin
