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Miss T’s Biochemistry
Review
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All organic molecules contain
what element?
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CARBON!
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What is a monomer?
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Smallest repeating subunit of a molecule.
Think train car.
What would be the monomer of a pearl necklace?
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What is a polymer?
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Long chain of repeating subunits(The whole train
The whole pearl necklace)
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What’s the monomer of a carbohydrate?
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Monosaccharide
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Name 3 monosaccharides
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GlucoseFructose
Galactose
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What is the chemical formula
for monosaccharides
(glucose)?
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C6H12O6
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What is a disaccharide?
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Double Sugar (Two
Monosaccharides attached to one
another)
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What is the name of the reaction that forms a
disaccharide from 2
monosaccharides?
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Dehydration Synthesis
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How is the bond formed in a dehydration
synthesis reaction?
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What is the reverse of a dehydration
synthesis reaction?
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Hydrolysis(Hydro- = water-Lysis = to split)
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What are the 3 disaccharides?
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Sucrose (Table Sugar)
glucose + fructoseLactose (Milk Sugar)glucose + galactoseMaltose (Malt sugar)glucose + glucose
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What is the polymer of a
carbohydrate?
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Polysaccharide
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What are the three types of
polysaccharides?
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StarchEnergy storage in plants Long chains of glucose
GlycogenEnergy storage in animals
CelluloseStructure in plant cell walls
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Again, what is the name of the reaction that
forms polysaccharides?
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Dehydration Synthesis
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What is the main source of energy in living things?
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Carbohydrates
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What organic molecule is the reserve form of energy in living
things?
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Lipids
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What type of molecule is
shown below?
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GlucoseC6H12O6
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What elements are found in
lipids?
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Carbon, Hydrogen &
Oxygen
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What’s the difference between a
Carbohydrate & a lipid?
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Carbohydrates have a 1:2:1 of C,H&O, lipids
have no distinct ratio
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What is the monomer of a
lipid?
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Triglyceride(3 fatty acids and
a glycerol)
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What is the polymer of a
lipid?
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Fats, Oils, & Waxes
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What type of molecules is found
below?
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Triglyceride
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What is the difference between
saturated and unsaturated fats?
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Unsaturated fats have a double bond
that kinks the molecule so they
don’t fit well together.
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Which of the below is a saturated fat? Unsaturated fat?
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What type of fat is solid at room temp? A liquid?
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Saturated Fats are solids at room temp
(lard, butter)
Unsaturated Fats are liquids at room temp
(oils)
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What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?
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A nucleotide
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What three things make up a nucleotide?
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5-Carbon SugarPhosphate Group
Nitrogen Base
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What is the function of
nucleic acids?
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To store and transmit genetic
information
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What are the polymers of
nucleic acids?
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DNA & RNA
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What is the monomer of a
protein?
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Amino Acid
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What is the R group of an amino acid?
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R group is like a place
holder or a variable in math.
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What are four functions of proteins?
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Proteins are important:-enzymes
-structure in cells-immune response-help form bone &
muscle
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What are the products &
reactants of the following reaction?CH4 + O2 CO2 + H2O
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What is the difference between
potential and kinetic energy?
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Potential energy is stored energy or
energy of positions
Kinetic energy is energy of motion
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What is Activation Energy?
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The energy that is required to
start a reaction
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What do enzymes do to a reaction?
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They help speed up the rate of a
reaction
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How do enzymes help speed up a
reaction?
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By lowering the activation energy
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Is this reaction energy releasing
or absorbing?
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Where on this graph can activation
energy be found?
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Is the following rxn energy releasing or
absorbing?
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Is this a bond-forming reaction or bond breaking
reaction?
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Where is energy stored in a molecule?
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In the bonds of the molecule.
When you break bonds you release
energy.When you make bonds you store
energy
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What organic molecule are
enzymes?
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Proteins!
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What is a catalyst?
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a substance that SPEEDS up the RATE
of a chemical reaction by lowering a chemical reaction’s
activation energy
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Draw a energy-storing enzyme
reaction…
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What four factors affect enzyme
activity?
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•TemperaturepH
Enzyme concentration
substrate concentration
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What do enzymes do?
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•Make materials that cells need-Help transmit
information