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Minerals
Arianee R. A.
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1. MineralsMinerals are natural materials.
Minerals can be found in nature, they can be part of rocks, animal bones and shells.
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Each mineral is different:
Shape: Some minerals are regular, like pyrite.
Others, like turquoise, are irregular.
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Colour:Each mineral has a typical colour.
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Shiny or dull?Some minerals, like pyrite, are shiny. Others, like chalk, are dull.
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Hard or soft?Diamond is the hardest mineral.Gypsum is the softest.
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2. Minerals are useful
We use minerals like gypsum to build buildings.
We use minerals like diamonds to make jewellery.
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Rocks are natural materials1. RocksRocks are materials made up of minerals. We dig mines to obtain rocks that are underground.We dig quarries to obtain rocks that are on the surface.
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2. Rocks are useful.Slate, marble and granite are used for
building.Coal is used for fuel. We burn it to obtain
heat.
Slate Marble Granite Coal
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GraniteGranite is made up of three different minerals:quartz, feldspar and mica.
We obtain granite in quarries
Granite is hard and resistant.The ancient Egyptians used granite to make sculptures.
Quartz Feldspar Mica
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Soil and underground water
1. Types of soilThe ground is made up of rocks, sand, soil, air, water and humus.Humus is the remains of living things.
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• Fertile ground has a lot of water, air and humus.
It is good for plants.
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Poor ground: only resistant plants, like olive trees can
grow in poor ground.
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Very poor ground, for example, in the desert.
Very few plants can grow there.
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2. Underground waterSome water from rain filters through the ground and reaches the bottom rocks. It stops and becomes underground water.
In deserts, this underground water creates an oasis.