Download - Miljösociologi timme 2
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
1/51
Information and CommunicationTechnologies in the Anthropocene
Victor GalazStockholm Resilience Centre
Stockholm University
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
2/51
The Anthropocene and Planetary Boundaries
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
3/51
Twitter Updates Good Morning!by Jer Thorp (via Vimeo)
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
4/51
Can Information Technology
Really Help Save The Planet?
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
5/51
YES......definitely maybe...
...but I wouldnt take it for granted
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
6/51
iPod Liberalismby Evgeny Morozov
- the assumption that informationtech innovation always promotes
freedom and democracy
iPod EnvironmentalismbyVictor Galaz
- the assumption that techinnovation always promotes
sustainability
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
7/51
Hackers and CO2 emission trading (2010)250,000 carbon credits - 4 million USD
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
8/51
Hackers and illegal logging in the Amazon (2008)1.7 million cubic meters
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
9/51
The `climate consensus may hold theestablishment the universities, the media, big
business, government but it is losing thejungles of the web. After all, getting researchgrants, doing pieces to camera and advising boards
takes time.
Christopher Pearson, The Australian
Special Interest 3.0
The mass-mail revolution had worked its paralyzingmagic by lowering the cost of mobilizing far-flung groups
of people who share a political interest. []The personalcomputer, the Internet and allied technologies have givena new fluidity to political opposition, spawning interest
groups almost overnight in response to policy initiatives.
Robert Wright, New York Times
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
10/51
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
11/51
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
12/51
What are the long term institutional andorganizational implications of information
technology in theAnthropocene?
Mass Self-CommunicationDecreasing costs forinformation
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
13/51
"Communications tools don't get sociallyinteresting until they get technologically
boring"Clay Shirky
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
14/51
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
15/51
Bubonic Plage, Surat (India)1994In 1994 the spread of bubonic plague
in the city of Surat deaths of 57people, significant economiclosses, and social and politicaleffects. Over 300,000 people
deserted the city (in two days!)
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
16/51
Late warnings, information overloadand collapse
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
17/51
Development of web crawlerGPHIN at Health Canada (1995)
ProMED - moderated e-mail listhosted by the International Society
for Infectious Diseases (1994).
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
18/51
atypical pneumonia, unknown respiratory disease
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
19/51
PNEUMONIA - CHINA (GUANGDONG ): RFI**********************************Date: 10 Feb 2003From: Stephen O. Cunnion, MD, PhD, MPHThis morning I received this e-mail and then sea rched yourarchivesand found nothing that pertained to it. Does anyone knowanythingabout this problem?"Have you heard of an epidemic in Guangzhou? Anacquaintance of minefrom a teacher's chat room lives there and reports that thehospitals there have been closed and people are dying."--Stephen O. Cunnion, MD, PhD, MPHInternational Consultants in Health, IncMember ASTM&H, ISTM
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
20/51
All of the sudden, we had a very powerful system that broughtin much more information from more countries, and we where
able to go to countries confidentially and validate what wasgoing on, and if they needed help, we provided help. And weprovided help by bringing together many different institutions
from around the world that started to work with us.
David Heymann, WHO
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
21/51
Breaking down of the information pyramid
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
22/51
SupernetworksSmall World Networks
Collective Intelligence
Three new phenomena
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
23/51
SupernetworksNetworks of Networks - interconnected at
multiple levels; information technology plays a keyrole; complex system
Global supply chain networks, financial networks,knowledge networks and power grids
(Nagurneyet al 2006).
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
24/51
There is a bigger "networks of networks" []. In GOARNyou have CDC, MSF and Red Cross. Which you also have inthe different coordination groups for meningitis vaccine and
yellow fever vaccine. Or in global polio eradication. Theseare enormous, but some are very small and, you would
bring in the global influenza with laboratories and nationalinfluenza centers. But that is the network of networkswhich has no substance, no defined substance. It's there,the function, but in a highly chaotic, very undefined way.
Patrick Drury, GOARN/WHO.
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
25/51
Southern Cone EIDSurveillance Network
Asian RotavirusSurveillance Network
European Centre forDisease Control,
EpiNorth
US-CDC
Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network (GOARN)over 120 actors and others!
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
26/51
Steering?
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
27/51
David wanted to take the GPHIN business and what WHOwas doing, and develop a "network of networks". These would
be highly unformalized, highly unstructured, as chaotic aspossible, because if we allowed it to coagulate or set down at
any part of the WHO, the apparatus of the organization, []would start to drag it down []. All of these rules would just
slow down what was trying to be done.
Patrick Drury, GOARN/WHO
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
28/51
Wouldnt it be great if we actuallycould map these networks?
Hyperlink analysis of major players in EID early warning andresponse
NOTE: Illustration!
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
29/51
UN Agencies Cluster
US Gov Cluster
WHOFAO
ECDC
Red Cross
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
30/51
ECDC International Red Cross
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
31/51
What makes them work?
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
32/51
Small World Networks
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
33/51
Q: What if you are facing some uncertainty of the disease? Howdo you coordinate your networks?A: Each time we have a suspecting case of fever, or somethingvery wrong, the first thing we do, is that we contact WHO.Immediately. []. So there is immediate collaboration, so wecall them and "send you the sample with the first plane, or
the first car or whatever. So, please go on with your
laboratory and tell us what's going on". That is systematic.
Q: So that is not formalized?No, no, but it's not personal. WHO knows that we will alwayscall them if we are suspecting things or something is verybizarre.
Dan Sermand,MSF
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
34/51
We have the international level, the WHO and the FAO. And atthe national level we try to bring together agriculture and
human health ministries. [] group involves academics, and afew key people in the agencies, such as Stephan from the FAO,Pierre [] from the WHO, OIE []. You have focal points in
the agencies, and you have focal points in NASA, and from 4 or
5 different universities.
Jan Slingerbergh EMPRES/FAO
That network is a little bit loosely defined, but flexible and
effective, you know. When there is the need, everybody jumpsin to action. I think the way it works is highly commendable
perhaps, because its not fringed or wrapped up in anorganizational structure. People just make it work because
they know each other. And its not a larger group to get lostin, the flexibility is there. I believe this is key to the success.
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
35/51
Gulu
Ebola outbreak, Gulu (Uganda),Oct 2000- Jan 2001 (224 deaths)
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
36/51
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
37/51
Coordination through small-world
networks. Is that it?
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
38/51
Collective Intelligence - large,distributed problem solving through
information and communication
technology. Distributed activity isemergent and collective, rather than
orchestrated.
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
39/51
Monkeypox and theInternet
2003 (Maryland, USA)
The results of that decision were extraordinary
Adhoc Virtual Network for
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
40/51
Adhoc Virtual Network forSARS Etiology
13 laboratories in 9 countriesDaily telephone conferences
The good thing is that it
isnt flu. Then well, what isit?
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
41/51
Collective Intelligence - Cooperation andConflict
Chinese University of Hong Kong
University of Hong Kong
US CDC
World Health OrganizationWHO GETS THE BUG FIRST?
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
42/51
ProMED
1994-2006#25 054 postings (total)
#373 postings included Request forinformation
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
43/51
How Decreasing Costs of InformationProcessing and Mass Self-
Communication Builds Resilience
Supernetworks! Small world phenomena!Collective intelligence!
They build on the combination btw ICT andpersonal connections.
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
44/51
THE DARK
SIDE OF THEWEB
Never Take it for Granted!
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
45/51
Never Take it for Granted!
POSSIBLE SCENARIOS
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
46/51
CyberpessimismICT as a pure social
media for fun
Hackers, spammers and
cyber-bullies find a newarena to exploit
Rapid assimilation ofICT in markets increase
natural resourcepressure
Special interests 3.0
Green Cyber-Utopia
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
47/51
Green Cyber UtopiaBreakthroughs in
artificial intelligence,nano-computing and
Web 3.0
Self-repairing,automated, low costecological monitoring
systems
A New Green SocialMovement 2.0/3.0
Social-Ecolo ical Resilience 2.0
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
48/51
Soc a co o ca es e ce 0
ICT4D - with an ecological focus
Crowd-sourcing crises preparednessand response (e .g. Ushahidi)
Web crawler based ecologicalmonitoring systems
Virtual organizations, CollectiveIntelligence for ecological surprise
Green flashmobs
Tapping into Technologies in the Pipeline
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
49/51
Can Information Technology Really Help Us Save the Planet?
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
50/51
THANK YOU
[email protected]/vgalaz
-
8/9/2019 Miljsociologi timme 2
51/51