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MIGRATION TRENDS
IN CENTRAL AMERICA
NORTH AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION
REGIONAL OFFICE, SAN JOSÉ, COSTA RICA
JUNE 2019
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Migration Trends in Central America, North America and the Caribbean, June 2019
• APPREHENSIONS
At the Southern Border of the United States ……………………………………………….……………………………………………………………….…. 1
• RETURNS
Returnees from Mexico and the United States ….………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 2
• EXTRA-REGIONAL MIGRANTS
Migrants from Countries in Asia and Africa ………...………………………………….………………………………………………………………………... 3
• MIGRATION IN THE REGION
DACA, TPS, Haitians, Nicaraguans and Venezuelans ..…………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 4
Lawful Permanent Residents and Temporary Workers and their Families in the United States …………..….………………………………………………... 5
• INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT
New Displacements in 2018 Associated with Disasters and Conflicts in Central America, North America and the Caribbean …….………………………... 6
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Source: U.S. Customs and Border Protection
APPREHENSIONS At the Southern Border of the United States by Fiscal Years
1
Family Units
Unaccompanied Allien Children Single Adults
In the first seven months of fiscal year 2019, the number
of apprehensions at the border with Mexico exceeded by
16% the total of fiscal year 2018.
Since fiscal year 2018 the percentage of aprehended family
units has doubled to 54%. The percentage of apprehended
individuals has dropped to almost half.
In fiscal year 2018, Rio Grande (McAllen) was the sector
with the highest number of apprehensions at the Sout-
hern border of the United States, with 41% of the total.
Tendencias generales de aprehensiones General trends
Total Apprehensions by Family Composition
Migration Trends in Central America, North America and the Caribbean, June 2019
Apprehensions by Main Sectors
Apprehensions since 2007
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RETURNS Returnees from Mexico and the United States to the Northern Countries of Central America
2
Trends show that on average 82% of returnees to the
Northern Countries of Central America are men.
Between 2016 and 2018, Mexico registered the highest
number of returnees to the Northern Countries of
Central America. Between January and April 2019, the
trend switched with more migrants returning from the
United States.
Migration Trends in Central America, North America and the Caribbean, June 2019
Returnees to the Northern Countries of Central America from Mexico
and the United States by Sex
216.613
141.828
196.061
71.670
16%
84%
11%
89%
13%
84% 87%
16%
Returnees to the Northern Countries of Central America
from Mexico and the United States
2019
(Jan-Apr)
2019 (Jan-Apr)
Source: Human Mobility Information Management Initiative in the Northern Triangle, IOM
United States Mexico Total
Returnees* by Age Group
141.344
195.790
71.505
83%
17%
83%
17%
80%
20%
Women Men
Minors Adults
2019
(Jan-Apr)
*The vast majority of the total corresponds to returnees to the northern countries of Central America.
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Source: National Migration Service of Panama.
EXTRA-REGIONAL MIGRANTS Migrants from Countries in Asia and Africa
3
Between 2014 and 2019, both the irregular transit records
from the Colombia-Panama border (Darien sector) and
the number of detentions of extra-regional migrants with
irregular status in Mexico show approximately 52 nationali-
ties. Among the most recurrent nationalities are Bangla-
desh, India, Nepal, Cameroon and Republic of the Congo.
Migration Trends in Central America, North America and the Caribbean, June 2019
2019 (Jan-Apr) 2019
(Jan-Apr)
Source: Mexican Secretariat of Interior
Irregular Transit through Colombia-Panama Border Migrants Apprehended by Mexican Immigration Authorities
Apprehensions in Mexico by Nationality, 2018-2019 (Jan-Apr)
Asia Africa Total Asia Africa Total
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MIGRATION IN THE REGION DACA, TPS, Haitians, Nicaraguans and Venezuelans
4
Approximately 91% out of 679.740 beneficiaries of the Deferred
Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) come from countries
in the region, mostly Mexico, followed by El Salvador and Guate-
mala.
Migration Trends in Central America, North America and the Caribbean, June 2019
Refugees and Migrants from Venezuela
Estimates indicate that there are 4 million Venezuelan refugees
and migrants in the world, approximately 307,000 of whom are
living in eight countries in the region.
Haiti
497.825
Nicaragua
Costa Rica 349.827
Nicaraguans with
authorization of stay
in Costa Rica in 2018
(whether permanent,
temporary or special
category).
Beneficiaries of DACA and TPS in the United States by country of origin, 2018
Sources: Second National Survey of Immigrants, Dominican Republic
Costa Rican General Directorate for Migration and Foreigners
It represents
approximately 87% of
the total migrants
in the country.
Haitians in Dominican Republic
Dominican
Republic
Nicaraguans in Costa Rica
Source: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
Source: Regional Inter-Agency Coordination Platform for Refugees and Migrants from Venezuela
Deferred Action for
Childhood Arrivals (DACA)
Temporary Protected Status (TPS)
Approximately 93% out of 417.341 beneficiaries of the Tem-
porary Protected Status (TPS) come from countries in the
region, mostly El Salvador, followed by Honduras and Haiti.
Sources: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (DACA)
Congressional Research Service (TPS)
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Source: Department of Homeland Security
MIGRATION IN THE REGION Lawful Permanent Residents and Temporary Workers and their Families in the United States
5
After Mexico (13-15%), Cuba and the Dominican Republic are
the two countries in the region with the highest number of
lawful permanent residents in 2014-2017.
In fiscal years 2014-2017, the region accounted for 51%-52% of
admissions of temporary workers and their families.
From fiscal years 2014 to 2017, approximately 4% of permanent
residence permits were granted to nationals from the
Northern Countries of Central America (NCCA).
Migration Trends in Central America, North America and the Caribbean, June 2019
1.016.518
1.051.031
1.1183.501
1.127.167
3.398.961 3.722.543 3.896.674 3.969.276
48.7% 48.8% 48.7% 50%
30.3% 30.2% 29,3% 26.8%
20.6%
0.4% 20.7%
0.3%
21.6%
0.3%
22.8%
0.4%
Lawful Permanent Residents by Country of Origin Lawful Permanent Residents
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Source: Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre
Displacement data (http://www.internal-displacement.org/database/displacement-data)
INTERNAL DISPLACEMENT New Displacements in 2018 Associated with Disasters and Conflicts in Central America, North America and the Caribbean
6
Migration Trends in Central America, North America and the Caribbean, June 2019
The Global Report on Internal Displacement by the Internal
Displacement Monitoring Centre (IDMC) presents an overview
of new displacement associated with natural disasters and
conflicts in recent years.
Disasters caused 1,695,194 new displacements during 2018 across
18 countries of the region, while conflicts and violence caused
257,950 displacements concentrated in three countries:
El Salvador, Mexico and Honduras.
The countries of the region most affected by displacement
associated with disasters in 2018 were the United States
(1,247,000 new displacements), Cuba (52,000), Guatemala and the
Dominican Republic (27,000 each). Displacement registered in the
United States resulted from the impact of hurricanes Florence
(August) and Michael (October), as well as wildfires in California.
It is important to point out that published data does not detail
the situation of vulnerability of internally displaced people, which
can greatly vary from case to case. Displacement in countries
like Cuba responds to temporary evacuation policies that allow
people to preserve their integrity and assets without producing
new vulnerabilities.
Historically, displacement in the region has been marked by the
incidence of destructive events such as Hurricane Ike in 2008,
the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Hurricane Sandy in 2012, Hurricane
Matthew in 2016 and Hurricanes Irma and Maria in 2017.
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IOM REGIONAL OFFICE FOR CENTRAL AMERICA, NORTH AMERICA, AND THE CARIBBEAN
Sabana Business Center, Boulevard Ernesto Rohrmoser, San José, Costa Rica.
Telephone: (506) 2212-5300