Miftah maashiyat e shariah
Certificate Course on basics of Sharia Financewww.miftahindia.com
Prepared by Syed Kamran Razvi and
Sharia Advisory Board.
Miftah maashiyat e shariah
1. Jo talaba mashiyat se waqif hai unhei Sharia ke ausoolon se waqfiyat aur aisei nazriye se waqfiyat hogi.
2. Jo Talaba Sharia ke ausool aur Islami taalimaat se waqif hai unhe Mashiyati usool aur Mashiyat jaannein mein madad miligi.
Is mallomati course ka maqsad talaba hazrat ko MASHIYAT ke USOOL aur uske talluqYa hawalei se; Sharia ke aisei ausoolon se waqif karana hai.
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Hashr ke din Musalamanon se paanch sawal kiye jaenge jin mein se do ka talluq mashiyat se hai---Yaanei ke
usnei Kaisei daulat kamaaeii aur uska isteamal kaise kiya.
Aan Hazarat SAW ki zindagi ka tajziya karein to 90% unki zindagi ek tajir ki tarah thii aur kisi bhi tajir ke liye ye donon masail behad aham hain.
Isi ko maqasid e shariah mein Ummah e Musliman ke liye shamil farmaya.
Ye Shariah ke un dusaron usulon ki tarah hain jinhe Aan Hazrat SAW nein in ko usi shkl mein apnaya jaisei ye us waqt thhei ya halaat ijazat dete thei, ya pesh kiya jaa saktei thei.
Hum agli slide mein ibtidaei duar mein is kei usulon ko smajhenge…
MAQASID E SHARIAH
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Maqasid aur Tijarat
YE BAAT KE MAASHIYAT E SHARIA Zindagi ke BUNIYADI usoolon pe hi mabni hain:
Hum munafei ke liye karobar kar tein hain ,
lekin karobar (business) ke liye
tajir (businessman) ko
investment (yaanei JO MAAL LAGAYA JAEEI GA)
ki zaroorat hoti hain.
Bas ye hi baat samjh ne waali hai;
Hum munafa apnein karobar ko chalanei ke liye zaroor le saktei hain aur ek nizam ke tehat hi le saktein hain.
Aur jo paisa business(karobar) mein laga raha hai woh bhi ek tarekei se MUNAFEI ka haqdar hai aur agar usmein nuksan ho to nuksan bhi uske hisse mein aaega.
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Shuruati Daur
•Gemach: Ye ibtada hai maashiyat e sharia ki aur Hazrat Musa ale salaam ke zamanei se is ghair sudi nizam ko apnaya gaya.
•Ye nizam Torah mein ghair sudi loan ke barei mein aaei zikr pe mabni hai.
Hijri se
pehle
•In usulon ke mutabiq, munafa profit aur loss ki buniyaad pe shirqat ki buniyad pe bataeei gaei hai
•In usulon ka us waqt ke economists or commerce ke mahirin nein Mashiyat e shariah ya maqasid e shariah ka hissa bataya hai.
Usul e
Mashiyat
•RIBA; Is ki ek misal hai :Sud yanei ke interest; YE aisa paisa hai jo baghair munafei ya nuksaan kiye huei kamaya jaa sakei.
•Gharar yani aisi koi bhi kamai jismei bahaut ziyada risk ho hai aur jiski buniyad kisi satte ki tarah lagti ho.
•Riba ki misaal koi shaks baghair kisi investment yani ke loan ki shakl mein paise deta hai aur uspe increment ya nei uspe koi munafa lena chahe to usei ALQURAN nein sakht HARAM chizon mein shamil kiya hai.
Tareekhi Pasmanzar
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Commerce /Tijarat kya hai
1. Hamari Roz marra ki zindagi is tarah ki saekron haqiqi misalon se bhari hui hai.
Misalein yun hain:2. Chahei aap bazar se koi samaan laa rahei hon ya phir
koi cheez ya apni zaroorat ko puri karnei ki koshish kar rahein hon.
3. AB kuch misalein lete hain jinse hamein karo bar ke buniyadi usul aur mashiyat e sharia ke fawaid ka andaza ho;;;;;;;;
KUCH MUDDAEI: KEEMAT: (Cost) ; yani woh number ke jis ke barabar ki
(currency) ya maal aap agar dein to who samaan ki milkiyat aap ki. Is mein samaan bananei walei ki lagat (production costs); Tax (jis se sarkar hamein sahoolatein faraham karti hai); Transport (saman ko dukanon ya Bazaar tak pahunchanei ki lagat); aur phir thhok vyapariyon ki adahat aur phir dukandaron ka munafa bhi shamil hain:
Ye sab aap ki keemat ka hissa hain. Is taman process mein ye Mashiyat e sharia lagu hoti hain. Isi tarah se Maqasid e Shariah tae hota hai.
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Buniyadi Iqtisadiyat ke usool
Iqtisadiyat ke buniyad behad dilchasp hai; ye na sirf Mashiyat e Shariya balke har iqtisadi nizam ki buniyad hai !!!!A. Flow of Money: Is model ka maqsad hai Paise ka chalan, yaani paise ka flow ek
darya ki tarah mustaqil chalte rahna chahiya. Ye “flow” ruk gaya to tamam maliyat intezam bigarh jaaega.
B. DEMAND AND SUPPLY Ka balance:Kharidaron ke liye samaan (goods) ki zaroorat aur bechne walei kitna faraham kartei hain is pe munahsar karta hai iqtisadi nizam , YE CYCLE ‘bazaar’ (market) mein customer ko kitnei daam pe chizein faraham hongi tae karta hai.
C. Ek teesra pehlu in donon se nikalta hai aur who hai log kitna aur kya kharid saktei hain.
D. Phir ye………yahin se nikalta hai ausool ke duniya------ kaisa iqtisadi nizam ko tarji deti hai, agar bahaut Kharbpati log ho jaein ya aisa nizam paida kar raha hai to us nizam mein badnizami aur bad unwani aanei mein bahaut waqt nahin lagta……. Bahaut se Arab aur Afriqi mumalik iski misal hain.
Agli slides hamein duniya mein mashiyate sharia ka aaj kitna phelau ho chuka hai ye bataya gaya hai……..!!!!
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Mashiyat e Shariah ki buniyad
Ilm Al Masail aur Ilm Al Fadaail: (Part A)
Saeed Qutb ek Misri activist aur visionary theii, Unhonei Muslim Brotherhood yanei Tabligh e Jamaat ;
Is ke bani Shyakh Hasal Al Banna se bahaut kuch sikha. Inki koshish mein Mashiyat e Shariah ki farogh bhi zer e shumul thii.
Lekin ye baat dilchasp hai ke is ko pehli saans Maghrib mein basei hue musalmanon ki koshish se mili aur mashrik mein majuda Saudi Arabia aur Iran (1976 ke baad) nein is nizam ko purei ahkam ke saath apnaya.
1965-70 ke dauran kuch Arab aur Hindustani Asatada nein is nizam ki khubi ko samjha aur Yahudi tanzimon pe mabni is tehrik ko shuru kiya.
Aaj UAE, Tunisia, Algeria, Egypt, Faras ki khadi ke mumalik aur digar Arab mulkon mein ye aam nizam ban chuka hai, DILCHASP HAI KE YE nizam behad tezi ke saath DUNIYA MEIN apnaya jaa raha hai.
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Mashiyat e Shariah ki buniyad: PART B
Naei mulkon mein China, Japan, Korea, Thailand aur Cambodia jaise mulk shamil hain.
Ye duniya mein aaj 200 Billion USDollar ka karobar Mashiyat e Sharia ke hi nizam ke tehat hota hai
Kuch naei kadam YA PRODUCTS HAI JAISE KE stock market ya share bazaar ke hawalei se, aaj duniya mein 40 se zaid stock market hain jo sirf Sharia Index yane sharia ki nazr se karobar karnei wali companies hain.
Ab ye koshish ki jaa rahi hai agar koin company sharia Index ke hisab se jaiz hai to who sab ek hi stock exchange ya share bazaar mein apnei share list kar sakei . Aur awam ko ye sahulat ho ke who is tarh ke share ek hi jagah se kharid sakein.
Is tarh ka nizam ;barhe aur chottei tajiron ko muhaiyya karanein mein aasani deta hai. Is mein SUKUK aur IJARA aham tariqa hain.
Agli slide mein hum iski karkardgi India mein samjhtei hain………….
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Mashiyat e Sharia : Hindutan mein ab tak aur is ka makhsoos role ……………..
Hindustani asatadha nein Islamic finance ke farogh aur research mein ek aham role ada kiya hai. Halankein ye sabhi mashiyat ke mahir hain magar unhon nein is talim ko maqasid e sharia ki nazr se study kiya aur is ke phelaw mein khasa tawwun kiya.
Is mein kuch naam jo sarei fehrist hain, unmein : Dr.Taqi Usmani, Dr.Mohammad Nejatullah Siddiqi, Dr.Nazim Ali, Dr.Obaidullah , Mufti Khalid Saifullah Rehmani, aur deegar afraad hain.
Aur naei kuch naam is tarah se hain; Dr.Shariq Nisar, A.M. Shervani, Syed Kamran Razvi , Vinesh kr.saxena
AGLI SLIDE MEIN KAROBAR E STOCK MARKET SMAJHTEI HAIN::::::::::
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STOCK MARKET KYA HAI aur isse munafa ki surat:
Stock Market mein do alfaz hain :
STOCK ke manei yahan pe:
Company apnei shares ko kharidaron ya investors ko ek bazaar yaanei market mein bechtin hain. TO YEHI STOCK MARKET HAI.
b. Is mein kaam karnei walon ko Stock Broker kehtein hain. In ka aur inke Sub-brokers ke zariye bazaar mein phelau kya jaata hai.
c. Yeh stock broker apni fees jama karkei licence lete hain aur crores mein apnei kharidaron ke liye kharid o farokht kartein hain in hein orders kehtein hain. BROKERAGE inki kamai hai.
d. Is ko contract note ke zariye in kahridaron ko shaam tak bhej diya jaata hai. Is mein fehrist hoti hain ke kitne ke shares ya stocks kis keemat pe kharidei gaei.
Misal ke taur pe agli slide mein fehrist dekhein::
STOCK MARKET MEIN SAUDA KAISE HOTA HAI
MARKET : SHARE BAZAAR jismein companies jaise reliance, TATA, Birla, aisi bahaut se deegar 1000 se bhi
zaid companies ke shares bhi listed hotei hain.
Stock Broker Company BROKER
Sub brokerSub broker
KHARIDAR Kharidar
Rs.112
Rs.114
Rs.116
TCL ka share
Bazaar ka daam/bhauEK MISAL SAMJHTEI HAIN:Company ka name
Ye iska barha hua daam jispe kharida gaya ORDER
Is daam pe aap nein becha to ek share pe 2 rs ka munafa aur 116 pe 0.5 % brokerage ka kharch hai
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Maujuda teen sharia Mutual FUNDS KI MARKET PERFORMANCE :EK JAYAEZA::::::::::::::::::::
020406080
100120140
1 Year 2 Year SinceInception
Shariah BeES
Taurus Ethical Fund
Tata Select Equity
Internet Pe kharid o faroghtHead office
Intermediary DSA
Cluster 1
23
4
2 3 4
DSAIntermediary
Team Leader 1
Intermediary DSA
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MICRO FINANCE AUR MASHIYAT E SHARIA ke ausool:::::::::
Kuch behad zaroorat mand
log aur ek maqsad
Ek company jo in sab ke paisa jama
karnei mein madad kartei hain
Chotei Chotei loan detei hain.
Iski wapasi ki zimmadari sab
members ki hoti hai
Micro finance hamare dehat aur kasbon mein dukanein ya
karobar kayam karnei mein madad karta hai
Ye un kamaon ko karti hain jo BANKS nahin kartei hain.
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INDIA mein SHARIA companies KE FUND:
ETFs Shariah Indices Mutual Fund
1.Shariah BeES (Corpus FUND: INR 1 Crore) S&P CNX Nifty Shariah 2.Tata Select Equity (Corpus FUND: INR 5 Crore)3. Taurus Ethical Fund (Corpus FUND: INR 2 Crore) S&P CNX 500 Shariah (yeh ek meezan hai)Portfolio Management: 1.Benchmark ACT2. TAMCO PMS
India mein stock market ke alawa: Ijara Al Sukuk aur murabaha aur takaful hain, Lekin is pe abhi koi bhi company sidhei taur pe kaam nahin kar rahi hai.
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A’qd ArbunBai al Inah Fatwa(Fatawa,plural)Fiqh Fiqh al MuamalatGharar Kafala
Parallel SalamQardQard al HassanQuran
Rab al Mal (Arab al Mal, plural)RahnReTakafulRibaRiba al-FadlRiba an-Naseeyah
SadaqatSalamSarfSharia’aSukukSunnah
Tabarru’TakafulTawarruqTakafulTawa
Hadith (Ahadith, plural)HalalHaramHawala Muamalat
Mudaraba MudaribMurabaha Musharaka
IjaraIjara Muntahia BitamleekIjara wa IqtinaIstisn’a
Internet se apni maloomaat badhein
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