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Middle East• Key Ideas-
– Three Main Religions• Judaism (oldest)• Christianity• Islam
– Sunni– Shia
• Similarities– Montheistic– Prophets
» Abraham» Jesus – “founder” Christianity» Muhammad – Founder of Islam
– Sacred Texts» Judahism – Torah » Chrsitianity – Bible (Old & New Testemant)» Islam- Quran
– Sacred Cities» Jerusalem – All 3 hold this city sacred» Mecca (Makka) - Islam
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Middle East
• Languages– Arabic• Most parts of the Middle East
– Hebrew • Israel
– Persian• Iran
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Middle EastIsrael-Arab Conflict
• Creation of Israel (1948)– Sykes-Picot (1917)– Balfour Declaration (1917)– Zionists
• Jewish people who wanted the creation of a Jewish state• Just happens to be in the same place where the Palestinians (who
are Arab) are living (Palestine)
– Israel is established in 1948• Palestinians are forced to move to Refugee Settlements in the
neighboring Arab Nations (Egypt / Jordan / Syria)• Or Refugee Settlements in the Gaza Strip and The West Bank• Leads to an almost immediate war between Israel and these Nations
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Middle EastIsrael-Arab Conflict
• Israel and wars with their Neighbors– Egypt / Jordan / Syria
• Impact of the Wars– Israel gains control of
• Gaza Strip (Egypt)• West Bank (Jordan)• Golan Heights (Syria)
• These Areas are still a source for conflict
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Middle EastIsrael-Arab Conflict
• Palestinians (who are Arab & Islamic)
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Middle EastIsrael-Arab Conflict
• Palestine– Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO)
• Yasir Arafat – Leader for almost 50 years until he died• Began his leadership calling for the destruction of Israel• As he grew older (& hopefully wiser) soften his position and was
working on ways to co-exist with Israel– Self Government in Gaza and West Bank????
• When he died left no leadership to follow allowing for more extremist groups such as Hamas to take the leading role of Palestinian Liberation – Hamas much more violent throughout Israel
» Terrorist Attacks» Suicide Bombings