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Trends in Testing,Assessment and
Evaluation
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Chapter 1
Teaching
Learning
Assessment
Measurement
Testing
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What is teaching ?
Think of different ways to defineteaching.
Write down at least threedifferent definitions of teaching.
Pair up with someone to choosethe best ONE of your definitions.
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Definitions of Teaching
To present information,
insights. To reveal knowledge or skill.
To help students learn.
NOTE: All of the above can beaccomplished eitherdeliberately or incidentally.
That is, you can teach by
means of explicit instruction,ongoing guidance, deliberatemodeling, or accidentalexample.
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Teaching
Teaching iseducating
Teaching is instruction, or transfering
knowledge from one to another
Teaching is to help the individual to learn.Or the activities and operations carried outby the teacher to facilitate the learningprocess
Teaching is trying to answer the student
needs to learn by adjusting themethodology based on the studentslearning style
Teaching is output (Roberts Abiola ) Teaching is giving out
Teaching is to impart knowledge or skill(Olaseindemi Adebambo Oyebanji )
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Learning is receiving knowledge and committing
it to memory Learning: is the desired change in the behavior
of the individual results from passing a certainexpertise.
Learning
earn ng: e rory per a n o e s u enoriented reason on how they can learn in theway they do such as the learning styles, habitsetc.
learning is input (Roberts Abiola)
learning is to acquire knowledge or skill by study(Olaseindemi Adebambo Oyebanji )
learning is taking in.
learning is used in the sense of knowledge.
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Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes Learning outcomes are statements
of what is expected that a studentwill be able to DO as a result of alearning activity.
Quality Assurance:
INPUTINPUT
OUTCOMESDescriptors
PROCESS
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TTest,est, MMeasurementeasurement,,AAssessmentssessment
andand EEvaluationvaluation
Test: 1. Used to collect information2. Measurement instrument3.Designed to elicit specific sample of
behavior
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TTest,est, MMeasurementeasurement,,AAssessmentssessment
andand EEvaluationvaluationMeasurement is the set of procedures and the
principles for how to use the procedures ineducational tests and assessments. Eg:percentile ranks, derived scores, standard
scores, etc
1. Quantification: assigning numbers2. Characteristics: abilities, traits, attributes,
constructs
3. Rules and procedures: must be
replicable
Quality of measurement: validity and reliability
Measurement = test+ Quantitative Data
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TTest,est, MMeasurementeasurement,,AAssessmentssessmentandand EEvaluationvaluation
Assessment
The process of gathering information to monitorprogress and make educational decisions if
necessary. An assessment may include a test butalso include methods such as observations,interviews, behaviour monitoring, etc
Assessment = Measurement + Qualitative Data
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Quantitativedescription of
Quantitativedescription
Measurement Assessment
always expressed innumbers Ex 35/40)
qualitativedescription (non-measurement)
of students
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Evaluation:The use of measurement in making
decisions
TTest,est, MMeasurementeasurement,,AAssessmentssessmentandand EEvaluationvaluation
1. Systematic
2. Gathering of information
3. Making decisions: value judgments
Evaluation = Assessment + Judgment
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Differences betweenassessment and evaluationDimension of Difference Assessment Evaluation
Timing Formative Summative
Focus of Measurement Process-Oriented Product-Oriented
Relationship BetweenAdministrator and Recipient Reflective Prescriptive
Findings, Uses Thereof Diagnostic Judgmental
Ongoing Modifiability of Criteria,
Measures Thereof Flexible Fixed
Standards of Measurement Absolute Comparative
Relation Between Objects of A/E Cooperative Competitive
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Formative: Ongoing
to Improve Learning
Summative: Final to
Gauge Quality
Process-Oriented: Product-Oriented:
Assessment Evaluation
(from various sources, but especially Dan Apple 1998)
Reflective: InternallyDefined Criteria/Goals
Prescriptive: ExternallyImposed Standards
Diagnostic: IdentifyAreas for Improvement
Judgmental: Arrive atan Overall Grade/Score
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Flexible: Adjust AsProblems are Clarified
Fixed: To RewardSuccess, Punish Failure
Assessment Evaluation
so u e: r v rIdeal Outcomes ompara ve: vBetter from Worse
Cooperative: Learn
from Each Other
Competitive: Beat
Each Other Out
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TTest,est, MMeasurementeasurement,,AAssessmentssessment
andand EEvaluationvaluation
Evaluation
Test
Measurement