Download - Micro- and Macro- nutrients
Micro- and Macro- nutrients Required for good
health
Micronutrients Required in very small
daily amounts (mg) < 0.005% body weight Do not produce
energy (like water) Co-factors with
enzymes Vitamins and trace
minerals (Fe, Cu, F, Zn, I, B, Co, Mo)
Macronutrients Required in larger
amounts (> 0.005% body weight)
Proteins Fats Carbohydrates Minerals (Na, Mg,
K, Ca, P, S, Cl)
Vitamins Required for
metabolism, good health and proper growth
Help in formation of blood cells, hormones nervous tissue
Fat soluble or water soluble
Only Vitamin D can be synthesised by body
Vitamin A (retinol) Fat soluble primary
alcohol Can be stored in body’s
fat, therfore not needed to be eaten every day
Light sensitive (conjugated system)
Required in production of rhodopsin (in rods of retina)
Can change conformation of molecules
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) Water Soluble Note hydrogen
attached to electronegative O.
Can hydrogen bond to water
Cannot be stored in body fat
Regular intake is required
Vitamin D Fat or water
soluble ? Fat soluble Body can
synthesise it
Causes of nutrient deficiencies Income disparities Poor eating habits Limited food supply Famine Malnutrition not
helped by poor sanitation, lack of health sevices, poor literacy rates
Examples of Micro-nutrient deficiencies Anaemia Goitre Xerophthalmia Pellagra Beriberi Scurvy Rickets (take notes using
page 342)
Examplesof Macronutrient deficiencies Marasmus Kwashiorkor Edema Fatigue Decreased
immunity Osteoporosis Cramps
Solutions to vitamin deficiency Food rations Adding nutrients to
food Genetic modification Nutritional
supplements Selenium
supplements Iron rich food
Questions Page 360