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COMPLEX AND MULTIVARIABLE:
METHODOLOGY OF EXPLORING DIGITAL
LITERACY AND TRAINING NEEDS WITHIN
THE POLISH SME SECTOR
Justyna Jasiewicz
Anna Mierzecka
Małgorzata Kisilowska
European Conference on Information Literacy , St. Malo 2017
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AGENDA
• The Catalogue of Digital Competencies of Small & Medium Enterprises
• Theoretical frameworks
• Methodology & research process
• Outcomes
• Conclusions
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THE CATALOGUE
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THE FAMILY OF DIGITAL COMPETENCIES’
CATALOGUES
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The Framework Catalogue of
Digital Competencies, 2015
The Taxonomy and Measurement
Methodology of Digital Competencies
of People Aged 50+, 2015
The Catalogue of Digital
Competencies of SMEs, 2016
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AREAS OF SME’S ACTIVITIES
1. Sales
2. Communication and promotion
3. Customers
4. Product or services
5. Market and competition
6. Company management
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THE CATALOGUE OF DIGITAL COMPETENCIES OF
SMES
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CONSTRUCTION
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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS
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THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
SOCIAL STUDIES
• Pierre Bourdieu
• theory of class distinction
• people's competencies depending on
their social status
• Jan van Dijk
• motivation as the main question
concerning access and usage of digital
media and content
• Filiciak, Mazurek & Growiec
• the concept of media relativity and
benefits
INFORMATION SCIENCE
• ALA’s definition of information
literacy
• a set of abilities enabling individuals
to recognize a need of information
and to locate, evaluate, and use it
effectively
• Digital literacy
• a set of skills required for ICT usage
in different contexts
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THEORETICAL BACKGROUND:
"A BENEFIT" AS A „KEY CONCEPT”
ORGANISATION &
MANAGEMENT
• technology-in-practice
• mutual influence of technology and social context
• technologies as instruments supporting attainment of skills necessary to realize tasks and to "extract the benefits from use” (Morgan-Thomas)
• the concept of technological affordance: information processes indispensable in economic activities (Orlikowski & Scott)
• the technology diffusion theory
• the complementarity theory
PSYCHOLOGY & HCI
• the concept of affordances for practice:
• relations between people and technology in organisational contexts (Fayard & Weeks), joining a technological aspect with Bourdieu's sociological idea of habitus.
• "Affordance offers a useful way of thinking about how practice is patterned by the social and physical construction of technology, and the material environment and habitus offers a useful way of thinking about how practice is patterned by social and symbolic structures" [14, p. 247].
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METHODOLOGY
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METHODOLOGY
& THE RESEARCH PROCESS
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The exploratory phase
desk research
interviews with experts and practitioners
The field phase
in-depth interviews
observations
The analytical phase
transcripts, observation cards
„Health cards”
The cataloguing phase
draft
Delphi method
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METHODOLOGY
THE EXPLORATORY PHASE
• desk research:
• theoretical knowledge of the Polish SMEs; classification criteria
• interviews with experts and practitioners:
• practical knowledge and meta-reflection
THE FIELD PHASE
• 30 in-depth interviews (including dyads and triads)
• observations
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METHODOLOGY
SME’S SELECTION CRITERIA
1. size – less than 100 employees, more than five
clients
2. independence – financially and know-how
independent, settled in Poland
3. ICT use – any type of presence on the
internet, use of any ICT solutions in daily work,
except fiscal cash register
4. experience – start-ups, less and more
experienced
5. location – cities, towns, villages, region of
Poland
6. diversity of respondents – age, sex, position in
the SME
7. area of activity – local, international
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METHODOLOGY
The analytical phase
• Transcripts of interviews and
observation cards
• „Health cards”: detailed analysis of
qualitative data
The cataloguing phase
• a draft Catalogue by a
multidisciplinary team
• definition of benefits related to key
areas of SMEs activities
• the Delphi metod – verification of
the final version of the Catalogue
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OUTCOMES & CONCLUSIONS
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OUTCOMES
• definition of key areas of online SMEs activities : Sales, Communication and
Promotion, Products or Services, Customers, Market and Competition, and
Company Management
• and benefits to be achieved
• The Catalogue of Digital Competencies of SMEs
• „Internet Revolutions” Google project (European Digital Garage) to support
development and/or enhancement of digital tools usage in the Polish SMEs
• in-depth & multidimensional evaluation of information competencies and/or
needs in the SMEs sector
• verification of methodology & diagnostic tools
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CONCLUSIONS
• confirmed crucial role of methodology and a component of relationality in diagnosing information and digital needs and competencies, in workplace as well
• the Catalogue as a roadmap for ICT implementation in Polish SMEs
• for diagnosig digital competencies in human resources’ management
• for in-depth analysis of potential users’ needs and patterns of information behaviors
• for designing and realisation of education and training services
• required regular revisions and updates
• limitations: qualitative and exploratory character of the project
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