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Mesopotamian EmpiresEssential Question: How does conflict develop?
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PRewriteH
ow does conflict develop? (Sentence Frame: In my
opinion, conflict develops _______________________. This
is important because __________________________. )
3
minutes (2-3 complete sentences)
D
on’t stop writing until the timer STOPS.
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Why this all Matters
I
t Matters Because:• Mesopotamia’s empires greatly influenced other
civilizations. Hammurabi’s Code even influenced the legal codes of Greece and Rome.
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Vocabulary reviewE
mpire—a large territory or group of many territories governed
by one ruler
T
ribute—a payment made to a ruler or state as a sign of surrender• Surrender: Give in to an enemy or opponent• “Over 140 rebels surrendered to the authorities.”
P
rovince—a territory governed as a political district of a country
or empire
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Vocabulary review
C
aravan—a group of merchants traveling together for safety,
usually with a large number of camels
A
stronomer—a person who studies planets and stars
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The development of the first empires
2
,400 BCE, Sumer’s city-states were weakened by conflict.
S
umer’s power lessened, so other powerful kingdoms arose in Northern
Mesopotamia. Remember: Sumer was located in Southern Mesopotamia.
R
ulers of these kingdoms built empires.
T
hrough conquest and trade, these empires spread their cultures over a
wide region• Conquest: Taking control over somebody else’s land and region usually
through force.
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The way power works
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Who was Sargon?A
kkad (kingdom)—developed in northern Mesopotamia
S
argon ruled the people of Akkad. They were known as Akkadians.
A
bout 2340 BCE, Sargon moved his well-trained armies south.
H
e conquered the remaining Sumerian city-states one by one.
H
e formed the world’s first empire.
E
ventually the empire grew to include ALL the people of Mesopotamia
T
his empire lasted 200 years before invades conquered it.
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Who was hammurabi?
A
morites were people who lived WEST of Mesopotamia. In 1800
BCE, they conquered Mesopotamia and built their own cities.
B
abylon was the grandest (best) of these cities.
H
ammurabi was the Babylonian king. He began conquering cities
controlled by Amorites to the north and South. Thus, he created
the Babylonian Empire.
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Hammurabi’s codeH
ammurabi= “just ruler”
W
hat is a “just ruler?” What type of leadership qualities do they have?
H
ammurabi—best known for creating a set of laws for his empire
H
e posted this code for everyone to read
C
ode of Hammurabi—stricter than the old Sumerian laws
“
An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.” This means, a punishment for a crime should
MATCH the seriousness of the crime. • Do you agree with this type of mentality?
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Checking for Understanding
W
hy was Hammurabi’s Code important?
W
hy do you think Hammurabi created a code of laws?
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The Assyrian Empire
A
rose about 1,000 years AFTER the empire of Hammurabi.
A
ssyrians built a large and POWERFUL military to defend their hills and fertile valleys.
T
he Assyrian army was well-trained and disciplined.
I
n battle, the troops numbered around 50,000 soldiers. This army was made up of
infantry (foot soldiers) and cavalry (horse soldiers).
T
hey fought with slingshots, bows and arrows, swords, and spears.
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Assyrian Army
A
ssyrians robbed people, set crops on fire, destroyed towns & dams.
T
hey took tribute (forced payments) from conquered people.
P
eople were afraid of the Assyrians that sometimes they would
surrender without even trying to fight back.
O
ne key tool that made Assyrians successful was their iron weapons.
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Kings and government
• The Assyrian empire covered a large area, so the kings had to be powerful leaders. They divided their empire into provinces (smaller political districts).
• The government built roads to connect these provinces.
• The kings chose people to govern, collect taxes, and enforce laws in each province.
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Life in assyriaA
ssyrians built large temples and palaces filled with carvings and statues.
T
hey wrote and collected stories.
A
king named Ashurbanipal built one of the world’s first libraries in Nineveh. (It
had 25,000 tablets of stories/songs to the gods).
F
arming and trade were both important to Assyrians. They brought in wood and
metal from far away to build stuff, make tools, and weapons.
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The chaldean empireA
ssyrians began fighting as to who would become the next ruler; as a result, a group
of people called Chaldeans took power.
I
n 627 BCE, Nabopolassar led a revolt against the Assyrians.
I
n 612 BCE, they captured the Assyrian capital of Nineveh and burned it to the
ground.
N
abopolassar and his son, Nebuchadnezzar, created a new empire (Chaldean).
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The greatness of babylonK
ing Nebchadnezzar rebuilt Babylon, making it the largest and richest city in
the world.
G
rand palaces and temples were located in the center.
A
huge ziggurat stood higher than 300 feet tall. When the sun shone, it’s gold
roof could be seen for miles.
T
he ziggurat had a giant staircase of greenery known as the Hanging Gardens.
(*One of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World).
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The greatness of babylonT
he Babylonians built many new canals, making the land even more fertile.
T
o pay for his building projects and to maintain his army, Nebuchadnezzar
had to collect very high taxes and tributes.
O
ne Greek historian in the 400s BCE described the beauty of Babylon. “In
magnificence, there is not other city that approaches it.”
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The greatness of babylonT
he people of Babylon made many scientific advancements.
C
haldeans, like other people, believed the gods showed their plans in the
changes in the sky.
C
haldean astronomers, mapped the starts, the planets, and the phases of
the moon as it changed.
C
haldeans invented one of the first sundials to measure time.
T
hey were also the first to follow a 7-day week.
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The Fall of the empireN
ebuchadnezzar died, and a series of weak kings ruled the Chaldean empire
afterwards.
P
oor harvests and slow trade further weakened the empire. “NOOOOO!”
I
n 539 BCE, the Persians recognized that the Chaldeans had lost their
strength and leadership. The Persians took advantage and capture Babylon
and made Mesopotamia part of their empire.
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SAY what?
Questions I Have for Ms. Brown/or 3 main ideas I
heard:
1)
2)
3)