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Part I: Three Spheres
Crash!Melancholia, Lars von Trier, 2001
The Gaia Hypothesis
Lovelock, J. (1972).Gaia as seen through the Atmosphere.Atmospheric Environment, 6, 579–580.
Gaia. 8838: Tellus. Roman relief, 13-9 BC.Ara Pacis. Royal Cast Collection, Copenhagen
The Gaia Hypothesis
Lovelock, J. (1972).Gaia as seen through the Atmosphere.Atmospheric Environment, 6, 579–580.
Gaia. 8838: Tellus. Roman relief, 13-9 BC.Ara Pacis. Royal Cast Collection, Copenhagen
Earth as a whole
‘Earthrise’ (1968, Apollo 8 mission) ‘Blue Marble’ (1972, Apollo 17 mission)
And in thesame year
‘Blue Marble’ (1972, Apollo 17 mission)
Club of Rome, 1972The Limits to Growth
The End of Nature Latour, B. (1999).Politiques de la nature
(Politics of Nature)
http://www.nature.com/news/anthropocene-the-human-age-1.17085?WT.ec_id=NATURE-
20150312#/landscape
The great acceleration www.anthropocene.info
The Gaia Hypothesis
Lovelock, J. (1972).Gaia as seen through the Atmosphere.Atmospheric Environment, 6, 579–580.
Gaia. 8838: Tellus. Roman relief, 13-9 BC.Ara Pacis. Royal Cast Collection, Copenhagen
Anthropocene www.economist.com/node/18741749
Planetary boundaries
Rockström et al., Nature 2009A safe operating space for humanity
The Trueman Show
The Gaia Hypothesis
Lovelock, J. (1972).Gaia as seen through the Atmosphere.Atmospheric Environment, 6, 579–580.
Gaia. 8838: Tellus. Roman relief, 13-9 BC.Ara Pacis. Royal Cast Collection, Copenhagen
The Lord of the Flies William Golding, 1954
Emergence“the whole is more thanthe sum of the parts”
The emergent is unlike its components insofar as these are incommensurable, and it cannot be reduced to their sum or their difference(p. 412)
George Henry Lewes, 1875Problems of Life and Mind
The Gaia Hypothesis
Lovelock, J. (1972).Gaia as seen through the Atmosphere.Atmospheric Environment, 6, 579–580.
Gaia. 8838: Tellus. Roman relief, 13-9 BC.Ara Pacis. Royal Cast Collection, Copenhagen
The boostraping of economy(the invisible hand)
By directing that industry in such a manner as its produce may be of the greatest value, he intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention. Nor is it always the worse for the society that it was not part of it. By pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it.(book IV chapter 2 paragraph 9)
Adam Smith, (1776).The Wealth of Nations
Externalities(or the market failures)
Externalitiesex. pollinators & polluters
Externalitiesex. fossil fuels Gras, A. (2007).
Le choix du feu. Paris: Fayard
The end of externalities
“Ecological crises are translated most often by the disappearance of everything external to the human world, every reserve for human action, every discharge by means of which one could, up to now, in the delicious euphemism invented by the economists, externalize actions.
Bruno Latour, (2004).Politics of Nature
This paradox has been noted often: the concern for the environment begins at the moment when there is no more environment, no zone of reality in which we could casually rid ourselves of the consequences of human political, industrial, and economic life” (p. 58)
Complexity
Emergence AKAthe Lord of the Flies
The DanishLord of the Flies
The failure of COP15in Copenhagen kidsnewsnetwork.wordpress.co
m/tag/copenhagen/
The DanishLord of the Flies
Wicked problems cannot be solved by simplification
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Retrospective_video_on_the_Montreal_Protocol.ogv/
IPCC AR5 WG3 SPM Fig. 1
Kyoto Protocol, 1997
The failure of COP15in Copenhagen
Hilborn, R. C. (2004). Sea gulls, butterflies, and grasshoppers: A brief
history of the butterfly effect in nonlinear dynamics. American Journal of Physics,
72(4), 425.
The butterfly effect
Petrified by Medusa
Untying not slashing
The failure of COP15in Copenhagen
“common but differentiated responsibility” principle
Which butterfly?
How to dressMedusa’s hair?
How to dressMedusa’s hair?
Digital technologiesare part of the problem
http://science.time.com/2013/08/14/power-drain-the-digital-cloud-is-using-
more-energy-than-you-think/
NSA Utah Data CenterAKA the Intelligence Community Comprehensive
National Cybersecurity Initiative Data Center
The Bubble ChamberDonald A. Glaser, 1952
Extensive data Paul Butler, 2010Visualizing Friendships
Intensive data AOL user 711391 search historywww.minimovies.org/documentaires/view/ilovealaska
The quali/quantitative divide
poor data on large populationextensive data
intensive datarich data on small population
The micro/macro divide
Merian & Jonston 1718 Folio Ants, Clony, Nest,
Insects
Thomas Hobbes, 1651The Leviathan
La fabrique de la loiwww.lafabriquedelaloi.fr
On datascape navigation
Latour, Bruno, Pablo Jensen, Tommaso Venturini,Sébastian Grauwin and Dominique Boullier, 2012.
“‘The Whole Is Always Smaller than Its Parts’:A Digital Test of Gabriel Tardes’ Monads.”
The British Journal of Sociology 63(4), pp. 590–615
Venturini, Tommaso, Pablo Jensen, and Bruno Latour (forthcoming),
“Fill in the Gap. A New Alliance for Social and Natural Sciences.”
Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulations.
A first set of disagreements concerns our images of the future:- how bad will be climate change;- how fast will it unfold;- where and who will it strike first.
Climate adaptationis delayed
http://climaps.eu/#/map/mapping-cli-fi-scenarios-book-covers-with-landscapes-
issues-and-personal-narratives
A second set of disagreements concerns the priorities of adaptation:- which regions will be more vulnerable - which sectors will be more affected;- which arrangements will make our societies more flexible or resistant.
Climate adaptationis dispersed
http://climaps.eu/#/map/mapping-cli-fi-scenarios-book-covers-with-landscapes-
issues-and-personal-narratives
Climate adaptationis diffused
http://climaps.eu/#/map/mapping-cli-fi-scenarios-book-covers-with-landscapes-
issues-and-personal-narratives
A third set of disagreements concerns the boundaries of adaptation:- how will global warming will interfere with natural and social equilibria;- whether adaptation generates additional actions or merely re-labelling;- whether previous problems and opportunities are taken into account.
Climate adaptationis opportunistic
http://climaps.eu/#/map/mapping-cli-fi-scenarios-book-covers-with-landscapes-
issues-and-personal-narratives
A fourth set of disagreements concerns therefore the wealth of adaptation:- who will provide resources for adaptation and who will use them;- through which channels will these resources flow;- who will decide how to employ them and who will assess the results.
And as a result…
A classic workflow
But things got slightly more complicated
Sprints
Sprints (Paris)
Sprints (Oxford)
Sprints (Milan)
http://climaps.eu/
Venturini, T. et al. 2014Climaps by EMAPS in 2 Pages (A Summary For Policymakers and Busy People in General). SSRNDecember 2, 2014.
Venturini, T., Ricci, D., Mauri, M., Kimbell, L., & Meunier, A. (2015).Designing Controversies and their Publics.Design Issues, 31(3).
Venturini, T., Baya-laffite, N., Cointet, J., Gray, I., Zabban, V., & Pryck, K. De. (2014).Three Maps and Three Misunderstandings : A Digital Mapping of Climate Diplomacy.Big Data and Society, 1(1).
Venturini, T. (2010)Diving in Magma: how to explore controversies with actor-network theory.Public Understanding of Science, 19(3), pp. 258-273
Venturini, T. (2012)Building on Faults: how to represent controversies with digital methods.Public Understanding of Science, 21(7), pp. 796-812