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Medicines and Drugs
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MEDICINE:
Drugs that are used to treat or prevent disease or other conditions
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DRUGS:
Substances other than food that change the structure or function of the body or mind
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MEDICINES CAN BE SORTED INTO FOUR BROAD CATEGORIES:
1- Medicines that help prevent disease
2- Medicines that fight pathogens, or infectious agents that cause disease
3- Medicines that relieve pain
4- Medicines that help maintain and restore health and regulate the body’s systems
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MEDICINES THAT PREVENT DISEASEVaccines-
a preparation introduced into the body to stimulate an immune response Antibodies are produced to give your body long
lasting protection
Antitoxins- extracts of blood fluids that contain
antibodies and act more quickly than vaccines Injections of antitoxins neutralize the effect of
toxins
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MEDICINES THAT PROMOTE HEALTH:Allergy medicines
Antihistamines Body regulating medicines
Regulate blood pressure, inhalers, insulinAntidepressant and antipsychotic
medicinesMood stabilizers (depression, bipolar)
Cancer treatment medicineschemotherapy
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SIDE EFFECTSReactions to medicine other than the one
intended
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OTHER PROBLEMS:Tolerance-
a condition in which the body becomes used to the effect of a medicine
Withdrawal- occurs when a person stops using a medicine
on which he or she has a chemical dependence
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Withdrawal Symptoms:Insomnia, headaches, vomiting, chills, and cramps
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MEDICINE SAFETYThe federal government has established laws
and policies for testing and approving new medicines
All medicines must meet standards set by the FDA before being approved and made available for sale
The FDA requires manufacturers to supply information about the medicine’s chemical composition, intended use, effects, and possible side effects
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Prescription Medicines- must have written approval of a licensed
physician
Over-the-counter Medicines- medicines that you can buy without a
prescription
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PRESCRIPTION MEDICINE LABELSName of prescribing doctorName of patientDirections from doctorName of medicineDate prescription was filledStrength Expiration dateNumber of pillsNumber of refills
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Prescription numberPharmacy name, address, and phone
number
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MEDICINE MISUSEGiving a prescription medicine to a
person for whom it was not prescribed or taking another person’s medicine
Taking too much or too little of a medicine or taking a medicine for a longer or shorter period than prescribed
Discontinuing use of a medicine without informing the health care professional
Mixing medicines
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FAMOUS PEOPLE WHO DIED FROM PERSCRIPTION MEDICATIONS
BRITTANY MURPHYactress
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ELVIS PRESLEYSinger/Actor
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MARILYN MONROEactress
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ANNA NICOLE SMITHmodel
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HEATH LEDGERactor
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MICHAEL JACKSONsinger
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SUBSTANCE ABUSE- any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for nonmedical purposes
ILLEGAL DRUGS- chemical substances that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture, possess, buy, or sell
ILLICIT DRUG USE- the use or sale of any substance that is illegal or otherwise not permitted
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FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE DECISIONS ABOUT DRUGS:Peer pressure
Family members
Role models
Media messages
Perception
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THREE HEALTH RISKS OF DRUG USE1- PHYSICAL HEALTH
Overdose- a strong, sometimes fatal reaction to taking a large amount of a drug
Some drug use involves injecting substances through a needle, which can increase the risk of contracting diseases such as hepatitis B and HIV.
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FAMOUS PEOPLE WHO DIED FROM ILLEGAL DRUGS
DJ AM
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JIM MORRISONTHE DOORS
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JIMI HENDRIX Singer/guitar
player
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CHRIS FARLEYactor
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KEN CAMINITIBaseball player
1996 MVP American league
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2- MENTAL HEALTH-
Drugs cloud reasoning and thinking and users lose control of their behavior
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3- SOCIAL HEALTH
Substance abuse can have a negative effect on relationships with friends and family members.
Substance abuse is a major factor in many crimes, suicides, and unintentional injuries
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PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE-A condition in which a person believes that
a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function normally
PHYSIOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE-A condition in which the user has a chemical need for the drug
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ADDICITION-
A physiological or psychological dependence on a drug
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CONSEQUENCES OF DRUG USE:Consequences to the individual
Diseases Legal consequences
Jail timeConsequences for family and friends
Decision affects everyoneConsequences for babies and children
Developing babies, diseases (HIV)Costs to society
Crime and violence/ driving accidents
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MARIJUANA, INHALENTS, AND STEROIDS
Marijuana- A plant whose leaves, buds, and flowers
are smoked for their intoxicating effects
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The health risks of marijuana:Hallucinations and paranoiaImpaired short-term memory, reaction time,
concentration, and coordinationBloodshot eyesHeart and lung damageIncreased appetite, leading to weight gainFemales- increased testosterone levels and
risk of infertility Males- lowered sperm count and
testosterone levels
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INHALANTS-
Substances whose fumes are sniffed and inhaled to achieve a mind-altering effect
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ANABOLIC-ANDROGENIC STERIODS-
Synthetic substances that are similar to the male sex hormone testosterone
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PSYCHOACTIVE DRUGSChemicals that affect the central nervous
system and alter activity in the brain
Stimulants, depressants, narcotics, and hallucinogens
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STIMULANTS:DRUGS THAT SPEED UP THE CENTRAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM
Caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, crack
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COCAINE-A rapid-acting, highly addictive stimulant
that interrupts normal functioning of the central nervous systems
Experience euphoria, a feeling of intense well-being or elation.
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CRACK-
Called rock or freebase rock
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DEPRESSANTS:Drugs that tend to slow down the central
nervous system
Barbiturates, tranquilizers, ro-hypnol, GHB
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BARBITURATES-Drug that induces sleepinessResults in mood changes, sleeping more
than normal, and comaUsed illegally to produce a feeling of
intoxication and to counteract the effects of stimulates
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TRANQUILIZERS-Depressants that reduce muscular activity,
coordination, and attention spanPrescribed to relieve anxiety, muscle
spasms, sleeplessness, and nervousness
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NARCOTICS:Specific drugs derived from the opium
plant that are obtainable only by prescription and are used to relieve pain
Heroin, OxyContin, and morphine
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HEROIN-A highly addictive narcoticProcessed form of morphine that is
injected, snorted, or smokedDepresses the central nervous system and
slows breathing and pulse rate
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HALLUCINOGENS:Drugs that alter moods, thoughts, and
sense perceptions including vision, hearing, smell, and touch
PCP, LSD, and Ecstasy
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PCP-Considered one of the most dangerous of
all drugsIts effects vary greatly from user to userUsers report a distorted sense of time and
space, increased muscle strength, and inability to feel pain
Flashbacks can occur at any time, causing panic, confusion, and lack of control
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LSD-An extremely strong hallucinogenIncrease the risk of convulsions, coma,
heart and lung failure, and deathAffects the brain’s emotional center and
distorts realityMay experience emotions ranging from
extreme euphoria to panic to deep depression
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DESIGNER DRUGSSynthetic substances meant to imitate
the effects of hallucinogens and other dangerous drugs
Can be several hundred times stronger than the drugs they are meant to imitateMost recognized designer drug is ecstasy
ECSTASY – combination stimulant and hallucinogen
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DRUG FREE SCHOOL ZONES-Areas within 1,000 feet of schools and
designated by signs, within which people caught selling drugs receive especially severe penalties
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TYPES OF DRUG TREATMENT CENTERSOutpatient drug-free treatment
Consists of individual or group counselingShort-term treatment
Include residential, medication, and outpatient therapies
Maintenance therapyIntended for heroin addicts, includes
medication therapyTherapeutic communities
Residences for people with a long history of drug abuse (structured programs last from 6-12 months)