Download - Medical Parasitology Lab
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Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Cryptosporidium parvumCryptosporidium parvum
Infect human and most mammals. The infective stage is oocyst containing sporozoites
measuring 4-6µ in diameter. The diagnostics stage is oocyst containing 4 sporozoites. Diagnosis:
– Detecting oocyst in stool.
– Acid-fast stain.
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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• The most common method of diagnosing Cryptosporidiosis is acid-fast staining methods or the Ziehl-Neelsen stain.
Cryptosporidium parvum Cryptosporidium parvum oocystoocyst
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Isospora belliIsospora belli• Isosporiasis is a human intestinal disease caused by the parasite
Isospora belli.
• The coccidian parasite Isospora belli infects the epithelial cells of the small intestine, and is the least common of the three intestinal coccidia that infect humans.
• Infection causes acute, non-bloody diarrhea with crampy abdominal pain, which can last for weeks and result in malabsorption and weight loss. In immunodepressed patients, and in infants and children, the diarrhea can be severe. Eosinophilia may be present.
• Diagnosis:– Acid- fast stain
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Isospora belli oocystIsospora belli oocyst
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Life cycleLife cycle Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Trichinella spiralis Trichinella spiralis • Cause trichinosis, trichiniasis or trichinelliasis..
• Adult inhabit the small intestine of the rats, pigs and human. Both males and females lie freely in the lumen of the intestine of pigs, rats and human.
• Fertilized female only penetrate the mucosa where the larviposit, they do not lay eggs.
• Larvae is the infective stage, live encysted in the flesh of the host, and they represent the diagnostic stage.
• Human infected by eating undercooked pork containing infective encysted larvae.
• Human is dead end host.
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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CContinue………..ontinue………..
• Diagnosis:
– Finding larvae in the blood during migration or in muscle after encystation.
– Immunological tests.
– X- ray to detect the calcified larvae in muscle.
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Trichinella spiralis larvae encysted Trichinella spiralis larvae encysted in musclein muscle
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Life cycleLife cycle Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Entrobius vermicularisEntrobius vermicularis• Also named as human pin worm and seat worm, cause
oxyurdiasis.• Young and mature worms are present in small intestine (at
terminal ileum till fertilization).• Gravid females are present at lower rectum where they lay ova
at perianal region around anus (oviparous).• The female is 0.88-1.3 cm long, it has a long tapering tail
resembling 1/3 its length, its straight.• The male is shorter than female (2-5 mm) the tail is curved
strongly to ventral side, and has a single spicule.• Infective stage: Embryonated Eggs.• Definitive host: human.
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Continue………Continue………
• Diagnosis:
– Egg in stool is rarely detected but adults present after purgative.
– Egg can be detected at perianal area as follow:
• N.I.H method (National Institute of Health), its based on swabbing the perianal area with a cellophane paper.
• The adhesive cellulose tape (scotch tape), better result.
• The Vaseline cloth wiping, the collected ova examined.
• Egg morphology:
– 20-50u, transparent with double walled shell, it may show one side convex and the other flat.
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
Entrobius vermicularis Eggs Entrobius vermicularis Eggs
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Entrobius vermicularis Adult Entrobius vermicularis Adult
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
malefemale
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Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Life cycleLife cycle Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Trichuris trichiura Trichuris trichiura • Its commonly called whip worm because of the shape of
this worm (anterior thin and posterior thick).
• Adult inhabit the large intestine in the caecum of man.
• The adult male smaller than female, male 3.4-4.5 cm, female 4-5 cm.
• Trichuris trichiura eggs have distinct shape. (oviparous)
• Diagnosis:
– Stool examination to detect eggs.
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Trichuris trichiura EggsTrichuris trichiura Eggs
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Trichuris trichiura AdultTrichuris trichiura Adult
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Life cycleLife cycle Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Strongyloides stercoralis Strongyloides stercoralis • Adults lives in the small intestine (duodenum and jejunum),
fertilized females are deeply embedded in the mucosa, where they also oviposit.
• Male have a pointed curved tail associated with two spicules.
• Female have straight tail without spicules.
• In contrast to the Anclystoma spp., both sexes have short buccal cavity.
• Infective stage: Filariform larvae.
• Diagnosis:
• Based on recovery of the rhabditiform larvae passed in stool.
• If diarrhea is present, eggs may also be recovered.
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Strongyloides stercoralis LarvaeStrongyloides stercoralis Larvae
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
Rhabditiform
Filariform
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S. Stercoralis Adult MaleS. Stercoralis Adult Male
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
spicules
spicules
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S. Stercoralis Adult FemaleS. Stercoralis Adult Female
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Life cycleLife cycle Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Ancylostoma duodenalae Ancylostoma duodenalae (Hookworm)(Hookworm)• Inhabit human intestine ( jejunum, ileum, and rarely
duodenum ) and cause Anclystomiasis.• Male shorter than female and have copulatory bursa and two
spicules.• Female is long and has pointed end.• Both sexes have long buccal cavity with two pairs of teeth.• Infective stage: Filariform larvae.• Diagnosis:– Based on finding ova in fresh stool sample.– In old sample, larvae present and must be differentiated
from larvae of Strongyloides stercoralis.
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Hookworm Eggs Hookworm Eggs
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
Hook worm eggs like insects or mites egg, therefore must be differentiated
Mites egg Hook worm eggPlant material
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Hookworm LarvaeHookworm Larvae
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
Filariform Rhabditiform
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Hookworm AdultHookworm Adult
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
MaleFemale
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Ancylostoma duodenalae Ancylostoma duodenalae copulatry burasacopulatry burasa
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Ancylostoma duodenalae buccal Ancylostoma duodenalae buccal capsule capsule
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Comparison between Ancylostoma duodenalae Comparison between Ancylostoma duodenalae and Necator americanusand Necator americanus
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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Copulatory bursa Copulatory bursa vsvs Copulatory Copulatory SpiculesSpicules
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
Necator americanus copulatory spiculesAncylostoma duodenalae copulatory spicules
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Comparison between S. stercoralis Comparison between S. stercoralis and Hookworm and Hookworm
Raed Z. Ahmed, Medical Parasitology Lab.,2012
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