Download - Mediator 4
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Djumadi Achmad
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BEBERAPA GOLONGAN Mediator :
1. Amine vasoaktif : histamin, serotonin
2. Protease plasma : komplemen, kinin,
sistem pembekuan
3. Metabolit asam arakhidonik : Prostaglandin,leukotrien
4. Platelet Activating Factor (PAF)
5. Sitokin : IL-1, IL-8, TNF
6. Nitric oxide (NO)
7. Enzim lisosomal dari lekosit
8. Radikal bebas dari oksigen
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Cell-derived mediators
Diproduksi oleh :
Platelet
Mast cells / basophils Polymorphonuclear leukocytes
Endothelial cells
Monocytes / macrophages
Injured tissue
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Cell-derived mediators
Pembentukannya :1. Preformed dan disimpan dalam
granula sitoplasma (histamin,serotonin, enzim lisosomal)
2. Berasal dari metabolisme asamarakhidonik (prostaglandin,leukotrien, tromboxan, platelet
activating factor)3. Produk lain dari vascular regulator
(NO)
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Mast cell / basofil,
Platelet
Jejas fisik
Rx imun : Ab-mast cell
Komplemen : C3a, C5a
Histamine-releasing protei
dari lekosit
Neuropeptide : substasi P
Sitokin : IL-1, IL-8
Vasodilatasi
Hiperpermeabilitas
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Platelet
Kontak : kollagen,trombin, ADP, komp
Ag-Ab
PAF
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Figure 2-16 Generation of arachidonic acid metabolites and their roles in inflammation. The molecular
targets of action of some anti-inflammatory drugs are indicated by a red X. COX, cyclooxygenase; HETE,
hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid; HPETE, hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid.
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Metabolit Asam Arakhidonik
Metabolit EfekTXA2, LTC4, LTD4, LTE4
PGI2, PGE1, PGE2, PGD2
LTC4, LTD4, LTE4
LB4, HETE
PGE2
Vasokonstriksi
Vasodilatasi
Hiperpermeabilitas
Khemotaktik
Nyeri, demam
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Mast cell / basofil, netrofil,
monosit, endotel,
Vasokonstriksi,
spasme bronkhus
Vasodilatasi
Hiperpermeabilita
Adhesi lekosit
Khemotaksis
Degranulasi
Radikal bebas O-
IgE mediated rx
Membran fosfolipid
PAF
PLA2
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Figure 2-18 Major effects of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in inflammation.
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Figure 2-19 Functions of nitric oxide (NO) in blood vessels and macrophages, produced by two
NO synthase enzymes. NO causes vasodilation, and NO free radicals are toxic to microbialand mammalian cells. NOS, nitric oxide synthase.
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Plasma-derived mediators
1. Sistem komplemen
2. Faktor Hageman (faktor XII)
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Figure 2-14 The activation and functions of the complement system. Activation of complement by
different pathways leads to cleavage of C3. The functions of the complement system are
mediated by breakdown products of C3 and other complement proteins, and by the membrane
attack complex (MAC).
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Figure 2-15 Interrelationships between the four plasma mediator systems triggered by activation of factor
XII (Hageman factor). Note that thrombin induces inflammation by binding to protease-activated receptors
(principally PAR-1) on platelets, endothelium, smooth muscle cells, and other cells.
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Sistem KININ
Efek :
Diinaktifkan oleh : Kininase
1. Hiperpermeabilitas
2. Kontraksi otot polos
3. Vasodilatasi
4. Nyeri