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Mechanisms of development: epithelial origami
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Ten basic mechanisms of animal morphogenesis:
This lecture
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Pic: Davies Mechanisms of Morphogenesis
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Short and fat to long and thin:
Pic: Davies Mechanisms of Morphogenesis
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Corella inflata
Pic: Davies Mechanisms of Morphogenesis
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Convergent extension works by some boundaries shrinking while others expand:
Pic: Davies Mechanisms of Morphogenesis
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Pic: Davies Mechanisms of Morphogenesis
Making tubes:
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Pic: Davies Mechanisms of Morphogenesis
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Pic: Davies Mechanisms of Morphogenesis
Orthogonal invagination of the neural tube
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Pic: Davies Mechanisms of Morphogenesis
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Pic: Davies Mechanisms of Morphogenesis
The need for fusion:
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Pic: Davies Mechanisms of Morphogenesis
Three ways of fuding (wound healing, tube connection, palate fusion)
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Pic: Davies Mechanisms of Morphogenesis
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Pic: Davies Mechanisms of Morphogenesis
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Pic: Davies Mechanisms of Morphogenesis
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Pic: Davies Mechanisms of Morphogenesis
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Pic: Davies Mechanisms of Morphogenesis
Branching
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Pic: Davies Mechanisms of Morphogenesis
The branching tip
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The mammary gland: lots of branched tubules
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/_/viewer.aspx?path=dorland&name=glandula_mammaria.jpg
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The mammary gland:
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/_/viewer.aspx?path=dorland&name=glandula_mammaria.jpg
http://www.breastcentre.manchester.ac.uk/streuli.xhtml
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Pic: Davies Mechanisms of Morphogenesis
The mammary gland:
http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/_/viewer.aspx?path=dorland&name=glandula_mammaria.jpg
http://www.breastcentre.manchester.ac.uk/streuli.xhtml
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Pic: http://www.bg.ic.ac.uk/Staff/khparker/homepage/BSc_lectures/2002/_Cardiovascular_Mechanics.html
Vascular branching: intussusception
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Pic: Davies Mechanisms of Morphogenesis
Vascular branching: intussusception
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Other mechanisms of morphogenesis: orientated mitosis
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Endometrial thickening in rat:
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Other mechanisms of morphogenesis: elective cell death
Hands:
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A is a normal chick: b has had Gremlin applied, which has reduced elective cell death:
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Summary of the main points of these lectures:
Seen anatomically, morphogenesis of mouse and man follows a set sequence of rather complicated morphogenetic events (lecture 1)
Seen mechanistically, these complicated events rest on a set of about a dozen "simple" events such as cell migration (lecture 2), epithelial folding (lecture 3), cell condensation (not covered much in these lectures) etc.
These 3rd year lectures are designed to make you familiar with the way that basic morphogenetic mechanisms are combined to make anatomy, and how this can go wrong.
If you do 4th year Dev Biol, you will learn how the mechanisms are controlled at a molecular level and the principles by which action of 'dumb' molecules results in 'intelligent' constructive behaviour, on which our development rests (this is a core course of DevBiol4, lasting the whole of semester 1, taught entirely by me).