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Mecca and the Ka’ba
Mecca was a small trading town built around the Ka’ba
Tribes kept idols to their gods in the Kaaba
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Muhammad• Muhammad had a difficult
early life. • He married a wealthy older
women named Khadijah when he was 25.
• was 40 when the angel Gabriel came to him.
• He started preaching.
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The message• Muhammad would be
God’s messenger.
• There’s one God, Allah.
• Continued beliefs in Old Testament prophets like Abraham and Moses.
Just one God. Don’t like it? Too bad!
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The Qur’an (Koran)“The Word of Allah”
The Sunnah “The Words and deeds of Muhammad” (includes the Five Pillars)
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Five Pillars of Islam
• Set of 5 rules all Muslims must live by.
• Given by Muhammad in the Sunnah.
Pair Share: What
are the five
pillars of faith?
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Government• Islamic law is called the
Shariah (shuh-REE-uh).
• Shariah judges the rightness of actions of communities and individuals.
• It is based on interpretations of the Qur’an and Sunnah.
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Government• It sets rewards for good
behavior and punishments for crimes.
• It was the basis of laws until modern times.
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Topic: Islam Spreads
Unit: Islam
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Islam Spreads
Essential Question:
How did Islam begin to grow?
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I. Spreading Islam
• The ideas were not accepted peacefully.
• Muhammad was kicked out of Mecca for preaching there was one God.
• He went to Medina (Hijrah) to build an army.
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II. Military Conquests
• He returned to Mecca and fought for 3 years before conquering them and destroying their idols.
• The Muslims then went on to attack any tribe around them who would not change their religion.
• This continued for hundreds of years until they had created a huge empire.
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III. First Four Caliphs• After Muhammad died Muslims disagreed
about who was his rightful successor.
• The 4 leaders that followed would be known as the “rightly guided” caliphs because they followed the Qur’an and Muhammad’s example.
• 632 Abu Bakr became the first caliph or “successor.”
– His rule was unstable (clans abandoned Islam, refused to pay taxes, etc…)
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III. First Four Caliphs Cont…• Abu Bakr used military force to reunite
Muslim control and conquer lands north in Syria & Iraq.
• The next three caliphs were: – Umar (634-644) appointed by Abu Bakr. Umar
spread the Islamic faith by conquering Syria, lower Egypt (Byzantine Empire), and Persian Empire.
– Uthman: Part of the Umayyad clan. Selected an official edition of the Qur’an.
– Ali: Muhammad’s cousin. Completed the conquest of Persia.
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III. First Four Caliphs Cont…• The rule of the First Four Caliphs is called
the caliphate.
• By 661 the Muslim Empire had increased to four times its size and included all of Southwest Asia and stretched into North Africa.
• Looking at the Map in your Holt book on pg 81, copy the expansion of Islam on your maps in your notebooks. Make sure that you create a Map Legend.
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How did Islam
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