Download - Maxillary and Mandibular Canines
The CaninesThe Canines
Howard Chi, D.M.D. Howard Chi, D.M.D.
Learning ObjectivesLearning Objectives
Generals of canines, including function and Generals of canines, including function and class traitsclass traits
Anatomy of maxillary caninesAnatomy of maxillary canines
Anatomy of mandibular caninesAnatomy of mandibular canines
Generals of CaninesGenerals of Canines
The The CaninesCanines
There are four canines:There are four canines:
numbers 6, 11, 22, 27numbers 6, 11, 22, 27
They are the longest of They are the longest of
the permanent teeththe permanent teeth
6 11
2227
Called cornerstones of the Called cornerstones of the
archesarches
Also known as cuspids, Also known as cuspids,
eyeteeth, or fangseyeteeth, or fangs
The CaninesThe Canines
The CaninesThe Canines
Frequently the last teeth to Frequently the last teeth to
be lost to dental diseasebe lost to dental disease
Term is greek in originTerm is greek in origin
Hippocrates stressed the Hippocrates stressed the
intermediate nature of canines intermediate nature of canines
(between incisors and molars)(between incisors and molars)
Function Function of of
CaninesCanines
In dogs, cats, and other animals for catching In dogs, cats, and other animals for catching and tearing food and defenseand tearing food and defense
Essential to their survivalEssential to their survival
Function Function of of
CaninesCanines
In humans the canines function with incisors to:In humans the canines function with incisors to:a) Support the lip and facial musclesa) Support the lip and facial musclesb) Cut, pierce, or shear food morselsb) Cut, pierce, or shear food morselsc) Guide occlusionc) Guide occlusiond) Good anchors due to size and length ofd) Good anchors due to size and length of rootsroots
Class Traits Class Traits of of
CaninesCanines
Longest teeth in Longest teeth in
the mouththe mouth
Long thick roots that help anchor them in Long thick roots that help anchor them in the alveolar processthe alveolar process
Class Traits of CaninesClass Traits of Canines
The incisal ridge is divided The incisal ridge is divided
into two inclines or slopesinto two inclines or slopes
The mesial cusp ridge is The mesial cusp ridge is
shorter than the distalshorter than the distal
They do not have mamelonsThey do not have mamelons
Class Traits Class Traits of Caninesof Canines
The labial surface is The labial surface is
prominently convex with prominently convex with
a vertical labial ridgea vertical labial ridge
They are the only teeth They are the only teeth
with a labial ridgewith a labial ridge
Distal #6
Class Traits of CaninesClass Traits of Canines
Greater labiolingually than mesiodistallyGreater labiolingually than mesiodistally
Root is oblong Root is oblong faciolingually in faciolingually in cross sectioncross section
Distal contact area is Distal contact area is more cervical than more cervical than the mesialthe mesial
Class Traits Class Traits of Caninesof Canines
Canines are wedge shaped Canines are wedge shaped
proximallyproximally
Lingual height of contour is in Lingual height of contour is in
the cervical thirdthe cervical third
Remaining outline is convex Remaining outline is convex
on the lingual in the incisal thirdon the lingual in the incisal third
Distal #6
Arch TraitsArch TraitsMaxillary From MandibularMaxillary From Mandibular
Maxillary canine cuspMaxillary canine cusp
tip is labial to the long tip is labial to the long
axis of the rootaxis of the root
This is best way to This is best way to
distinguish maxillarydistinguish maxillary
from mandibularfrom mandibular
Occasionally more Occasionally more
than one root than one root
may appearmay appear
Class Traits of CaninesClass Traits of Canines
Actual Extracted Teeth #6 and #22 Demonstrating Multiple Roots
Maxillary CanineMaxillary Canine
Maxillary Canine Maxillary Canine Labial AspectLabial Aspect
Facial is made of three lobes Facial is made of three lobes
Cingulum is a fourthCingulum is a fourth
Mesial outline is broadly convex Mesial outline is broadly convex
and flat in the cervical thirdand flat in the cervical third
Mesial contact is at the Mesial contact is at the
junction of the incisal junction of the incisal
and middle thirdsand middle thirds
Maxillary Canine Maxillary Canine Labial AspectLabial Aspect
Maxillary CanineMaxillary CanineLabial AspectLabial Aspect
Distal aspect makes a shallow "s" Distal aspect makes a shallow "s" and convex in the middle thirdand convex in the middle third
Slightly concave in the Slightly concave in the cervical thirdcervical third
Distal contact is in the Distal contact is in the middle thirdmiddle third
Distal cusp ridge is usually Distal cusp ridge is usually longer than the mesiallonger than the mesial
Maxillary Canine - Labial AspectMaxillary Canine - Labial Aspect
The crown is as long as The crown is as long as
a maxillary central incisora maxillary central incisor
The root is approximately The root is approximately
3.5 mm longer than a central3.5 mm longer than a central
The root bends The root bends
distally in the distally in the
apical thirdapical third
Maxillary CanineMaxillary CanineLabial AspectLabial Aspect
Maxillary Canine - Lingual AspectMaxillary Canine - Lingual Aspect
Crown and root narrower lingually Crown and root narrower lingually
than labiallythan labially
Lingual ridge from incisal to Lingual ridge from incisal to
cingulum presentcingulum present
Has two shallow fossae on either Has two shallow fossae on either
sideside
Maxillary Canine - Lingual AspectMaxillary Canine - Lingual Aspect
Cingulum and tip of the cusp are Cingulum and tip of the cusp are
usually centered mesiodistallyusually centered mesiodistally
Lingual ridge more prominent than the Lingual ridge more prominent than the
mesial and distal marginal ridgesmesial and distal marginal ridges
Distal marginal ridge more prominent Distal marginal ridge more prominent
that the mesialthat the mesial
Maxillary Canine - Lingual AspectMaxillary Canine - Lingual Aspect
Mesial marginal ridge Mesial marginal ridge
longer than the distallonger than the distal
The root is narrower on The root is narrower on
the lingual than the facialthe lingual than the facial
Maxillary Canine - Proximal AspectMaxillary Canine - Proximal Aspect
Labial height of contourLabial height of contour
is in the cervical thirdis in the cervical third
Labial surface more Labial surface more
convex than incisorsconvex than incisors
Cervical line dips incisally Cervical line dips incisally
2.0mm on the mesial2.0mm on the mesial
Maxillary Canine - Proximal ViewMaxillary Canine - Proximal View
Facial and lingual outline Facial and lingual outline
of the root is convexof the root is convex
Quite broad faciolinguallyQuite broad faciolingually
Mesial and distal root Mesial and distal root
depressions are presentdepressions are present
Distal is more distinctDistal is more distinct
Maxillary Canine - Proximal ViewMaxillary Canine - Proximal View
Mesial View Distal View
Maxillary Canine - Incisal AspectMaxillary Canine - Incisal Aspect
Striking feature - asymmetry of crownStriking feature - asymmetry of crown
Line drawn from cusp tip Line drawn from cusp tip
through cingulum will yield through cingulum will yield
a greater distal half with a a greater distal half with a
marked concavity labiallymarked concavity labially
D M
Facial aspect quite convexFacial aspect quite convex
Mesial half roundedMesial half rounded
Distal half flat or concaveDistal half flat or concave
Three distinct lobes - middle is most prominentThree distinct lobes - middle is most prominent
Maxillary Canine - Incisal AspectMaxillary Canine - Incisal Aspect
Mandibular CanineMandibular Canine
Mandibular Canine - Labial AspectMandibular Canine - Labial Aspect
Smooth and convexSmooth and convex
with labial ridgewith labial ridge
Labial ridge not as Labial ridge not as
pronounced as maxillarypronounced as maxillary
Crown surface in incisal Crown surface in incisal
third slightly flat mesial to third slightly flat mesial to
labial ridgelabial ridge
More flattened distal to More flattened distal to
labial ridgelabial ridge
Mandibular Canine - Labial AspectMandibular Canine - Labial Aspect
Mandibular Canine - Labial AspectMandibular Canine - Labial Aspect
The mesial side of crown is The mesial side of crown is
slightly convex to flatslightly convex to flat
Distal is slightly concave Distal is slightly concave
in the cervical thirdin the cervical third
Mandibular Canine - Labial AspectMandibular Canine - Labial Aspect
Distal is convex in the Distal is convex in the
incisal two thirdsincisal two thirds
More tooth structure More tooth structure
on the distal halfon the distal half
Mandibular Canine - Labial AspectMandibular Canine - Labial Aspect
Mesial slope of cusp is Mesial slope of cusp is
shorter than the distalshorter than the distal
Cusp tip is centered on Cusp tip is centered on
the long axis of the rootthe long axis of the root
Mandibular Canine - Labial AspectMandibular Canine - Labial Aspect
Mesial contact is well Mesial contact is well
within the incisal thirdwithin the incisal third
Distal contact is at the Distal contact is at the
junction of the incisal junction of the incisal
and middle thirdsand middle thirds
Mandibular Canine - Labial AspectMandibular Canine - Labial Aspect
Root is convex on the Root is convex on the
facial surfacefacial surface
Tapers to a blunt apexTapers to a blunt apex
Root is shorter than Root is shorter than
the maxillary the maxillary
canine and lacks canine and lacks
curvaturecurvature
Mandibular Canine - Labial AspectMandibular Canine - Labial Aspect
Mandibular Canine - Lingual AspectMandibular Canine - Lingual Aspect
Crown and root taper lingually Crown and root taper lingually making the lingual narrowermaking the lingual narrowerthan the facialthan the facial
Lingual ridge and fossae not as Lingual ridge and fossae not as prominent as maxillaryprominent as maxillary
Cingulum is lower and less Cingulum is lower and less prominent than maxillary prominent than maxillary
Mandibular Canine - Lingual AspectMandibular Canine - Lingual Aspect
Pits and grooves rarely ever presentPits and grooves rarely ever present
Marginal ridges not prominent Marginal ridges not prominent
surface appears smoothsurface appears smooth
Distal marginal ridge more Distal marginal ridge more
prominent than lingual and prominent than lingual and
mesial ridgesmesial ridges
Mandibular Canine - Lingual AspectMandibular Canine - Lingual Aspect
Facial outline of root is Facial outline of root is
visible from the lingualvisible from the lingual
Mandibular Canine - Proximal AspectMandibular Canine - Proximal Aspect
The crown is wedge shaped The crown is wedge shaped
but thinner in the incisalbut thinner in the incisal
aspect than the maxillaryaspect than the maxillary
Incisal ridge is lingual or on Incisal ridge is lingual or on
the long axis of the rootthe long axis of the root
Mandibular Canine - Proximal AspectMandibular Canine - Proximal Aspect
Distal incisal angle is more Distal incisal angle is more
lingual than the cusp tiplingual than the cusp tip
Mandibular Canine - Proximal AspectMandibular Canine - Proximal Aspect
The CEJ curves more incisally The CEJ curves more incisally
on the mandibular canine on the mandibular canine
than the maxillarythan the maxillary
Height of contour on facial Height of contour on facial
more cervical than maxillarymore cervical than maxillary
The cingulum isThe cingulum is
low and flattenedlow and flattened
There are clear mesial There are clear mesial
and distal rootand distal root
depressions (distaldepressions (distal
more prominent)more prominent)
Mandibular Canine - Proximal AspectMandibular Canine - Proximal Aspect
Mesial View Distal View
Mandibular Canine - Incisal AspectMandibular Canine - Incisal Aspect
Labiolingual measurement is Labiolingual measurement is
greater than the mesiodistalgreater than the mesiodistal
Outline is more symmetricalOutline is more symmetrical
than the maxillary caninethan the maxillary canine
Mandibular Canine - Incisal AspectMandibular Canine - Incisal Aspect
Similarity between canines Similarity between canines
more convex on mesial more convex on mesial
half of crownhalf of crown
Flat or concave on the Flat or concave on the
distal halfdistal half
Mandibular Canine - Incisal AspectMandibular Canine - Incisal Aspect
The crown is twisted on the The crown is twisted on the
incisal edge to the distalincisal edge to the distal
The cingulum is centered The cingulum is centered
or slightly distal to theor slightly distal to the
long axislong axis