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Maths and Graphs Maths and Graphs for Biologistsfor BiologistsL.O: to use ratios, calculate percentage
increase and percentage decrease
to improve graph vocabulary
Starter: We require a GCSE Maths grade B for Biology A Level… so why might you need good maths skills in Biology?
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Using RatiosUsing RatiosWhy?Why?
How?How?
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Using RatiosUsing RatiosWhy?Why?
Used for calculating proportions, e.g. sufferers of Cystic Fibrosis are more frequently female than male, in a ratio of 2:1
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Using RatiosUsing RatiosWhy?Why? Used for calculating proportions, e.g. sufferers
of Cystic Fibrosis are more frequently female than male, in a ratio of 2:1. Population size = 200,000
How?How? Step 1: Add the ratio together (x) (2 + 1 = 3) Step 2: Divide the population size by x
(200,000 / 3 = 66666) Step 3: Multiply by the part of the ratio you
are interested in (66666 x 2 = 13,3333)
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Percentage IncreasePercentage Increase
Why?Why?
How?How?
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Percentage IncreasePercentage IncreaseWhy?Why?
Used to calculate the rise of diseases in populations, the effectiveness of medicines… etc… E.g. TB deaths in 1986 = 50,000 and rose to 86,000 in 2003. What is the % increase?
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Percentage IncreasePercentage IncreaseWhy?Why?Used to calculate the rise of diseases in populations,
the effectiveness of medicines… etc… E.g. TB deaths in 1986 = 50,000 and rose to 86,000 in 2003. What is the % increase?
How?How?Step 1: Find the two values ‘new’ and ‘old’ (86000 and
50000)Step 2: Find the difference between these two values
(86,000 – 50,000 = 36,000)Step 3: Divide by the ‘old’ value (36000/50000 – 0.72)Step 4: Multiply by 100 and remember to your units! (0.72 x 100 = 72%)
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Percentage DecreasePercentage DecreaseWhy?Why?
How? How?
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Percentage DecreasePercentage DecreaseWhy?Why?
Used to calculate the effectiveness of a medicine, the decline in disease, loss of white blood cells, red blood cells…etc!
How? How?
Step 1: Find the two values ‘old’ and ‘new’
Step 2: Find the difference between these values
Step 3: Divide by the ‘old’ value
Step 4: Multiply by 100 & remember your units! %
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Exam Examples!Exam Examples!
Solve the past exam questions on the sheet provided…
Your knowledge of the topic is not required, just your mega maths skills!
Remember to ask for help
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5a Answers5a AnswersStanding up/fastest rate: 22.8
Sat down : 14.1
22.8 - 14.1 = 8.7
8.7 / 14.1 = 0.617
0.617 x 100
Answer = 61.7 / 62%
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5b Answers5b Answers118 – 30 = 88
88 / 118 = 0.7457
0.7457 x 100
Answer = 74.5 %
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5c Answers5c Answers‘old’/january = 1,800 ‘new’/august = 5,800
5800 – 1800 = 4000
4000 / 1800 = 2.222
2.222 x 100 = 222
Answer = 222%
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15 Answers15 Answers‘old’/sea level: 5.1 ‘new’/above sea level: 6.5
6.5 – 5.1 = 1.4
1.4 / 5.1 = 0.2745
0.2745 x 100 = 27.45
Answer = 27.5%
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4ci Answers4ci Answers‘old’/1997: 20,000 ‘new’/2006: 33,500
33,500 – 20,000 = 13,500
13,500 / 20,000 = 0.675
0.675 x 100
Answer = 67.5%
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6aii Answers6aii AnswersAdd the ratio 1.5 + 1 = 2.5
Divide popn size 60,000 by 2.5 = 24,000
Multiply by 1.5 (24,000 x 1.5)
Answer = 36,000
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10ciii Answers10ciii Answers‘old’/1996: 9 ‘new’/2006: 14
14 – 9 = 5
5 / 9 = 0.5556
0.5556 x 100 = 55.56
Answer = 55.56%
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Command WordsCommand WordsMatch up the command word to the correct explanation
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Analyse Clarify a concept or explain it, indicating how it relates to some other way of looking at things.
Compare
Use words to say how something looks and use DATA! (say what you see in detail, no scientific explanation!)
Describe
Say what you think will happen based on your knowledge and using information you have been given.
Explain
This only needs to be a short answer without explanation.
Interpret
There may be a variety of acceptable answers rather than just one. You may need to apply scientific knowledge and/or principles in an unfamiliar context.
Name / state / give
Take apart a concept or a process, and explain it step by step.
Predict
State the similarities and the differences between two or more things.
Suggest
Write a biological reason to say why something is or why something has happened.
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Graph Verbs!
• Split half a page of your notes into two columns.
• At the top of one column write ‘up’ and at the top of the other column write ‘down’.
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‘Up’
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‘Down’
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Graph Adverbs!• Adjective (describing word) + verb (‘doing’
word / action) = adverb!
• http://www.bbc.co.uk/skillswise/video/adverbs
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Application of Knowledge