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MATH VOCABULARY FOR BASIC CALCULATIONS
Fina Cano CuencaI.E.S. “Don Bosco”. Albacete
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9 4
1 2
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set collection of items
symbol:
members of a set are called elements
There are 4 elements in this set
Venn diagram a diagram using circles or other shapes to show the relationship between sets
2, 4, 6, 8
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14
0.142857142857...17
3.14159295359... 2 1.414213...
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34
numerator
denominator
12
1 11 =1+2 2
13
1 13 =3+
3 3
14
1 12 =2+
4 4
59
23
56
2 24 =4+
3 3
530
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proper fraction
numerator is less than the denominator
Example:
improper fraction
numerator is greater than or equal to denominator
Example:
mixed number
whole number and a fraction
Example:
equivalent fractions
fractions that represent the same number
Example:
reduce we reduce a fraction by finding an equivalent fraction in which the numerator and denominator are as small as possible
Example:
45
54
1 12 2
5 5
1 4 52 8 10
1215
45
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power of (number)
the number of times a base number is multiplied by itself 104
Index (exponent)Base number
Read as Expanded Value
32
three squared or three to the power of two
3·3 9
53
five cubed or five to the power of three
5·5·5 125
25 two to the power of five 2·2·2·2·2 32
104 ten to the power of four 10·10·10·10 10 000
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factorise to write a number as a product of its factors
prime factorisation
to write a number as a product of its prime factors
greatest common factor or divisor (GCF)
the biggest number that will divide two or more other numbers exactly
Example: the greatest common factor of 30, 45 and 60 is 15
least common multiple (LCM)
the smallest number that is the multiple of two or more other numbers
Example: the least common multiple of 3, 4 and 6 is 12
12 4 3
212 2 2 3 2 3
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square number
a number that results from multiplying another number by itself
Example: 9 is a square number because 9 = 32
A square number can be represented in the shape of a square.
cube number
a number that results from multiplying another number three times by itself
Example: 125 is a cube number because 125 = 53
A cubed number can be represented in the shape of a cube.
53 = 125
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square root of a number
a number when multiplied by itself gives the original number
Example:
cube root of a number
one of three identical factors of a number that is the product of those factors
Example:
29 3 3·3 3 9
3 3125 5 5·5·5 5 125
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even number a number that is divisible by 2
Example: 3788
Even numbers end with 2, 4, 6, 8 or 0
The sequence of even numbers is:2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, … and so on
odd number a number that is not divisible by 2
Example: 4399
Odd numbers end with 1, 3, 5, 7 or 9
The sequence of odd numbers is:1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, … and so on