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Laboratory Safety
Materials Science & Engineering Dept.Along with
Environmental Health & SafetyUniversity of Tennessee
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Contact Information
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For Lab Safety Questions: Pam Koontz [email protected] James Cantu [email protected]
For Hazardous Waste Questions: April Case [email protected]
Environmental Health & Safety
Environmental Health & Safetyehs.utk.edu974-5084 www.facebook.com/utkehs
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Robin Lyn TrundyUTK/UTIA Safety [email protected]
UTK/UTIA Biosafety Office
Amy KnowlesUTIA Occupational Health [email protected]
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Marsha SmithRadiation Safety OfficerPhone: 974-5580E-mail: [email protected]
UTK Radiation Safety Office
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MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
SAFETY COMMITTEEDr. Kurt Sickafus, ChairDr. Carl LundinDr. Roberto S. BensonMr. Greg Jones
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Reporting An Accident
• For Emergency Call 911• Call your Supervisor• Call Safety Coordinator, Greg Jones• If you can not reach your Supervisor or Greg
contact the MSE main office (Carla)• Call Environmental Health & Safety for help with
spill cleanup, or to report unsafe conditions• Help your Supervisor fill out a “Supervisors
Report of Employee Accident form” ASAP!
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If Treatment Is Needed
UT Student Health Center1800 Volunteer Blvd.
UT Medical Center1924 Alcoa Highway
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Safety depends on choices
Good choices rely on having good information before the choice has to be made.
Safety is a Choice
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Training◦ Initial◦ Periodic◦ As-needed
Resources◦ MSDS/SDS, Labels, Chemical Hygiene Plan (CHP),
Emergency Response Plan, Faculty Advisor, Person In Charge (PIC), Lab Placards
Ask Questions!
How Do We Get That Information?
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What is the nature of my lab?◦ My work space◦ My neighbor’s work space
What hazards are present?◦ Chemical/Physical/Bio/Rad◦ Do you know how to react?◦ Have you practiced?◦ Have you shared your knowledge?
Is there an Emergency Plan, Chemical Hygiene Plan, SDS?
What Questions Should I ask?
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Emergency ResponsePlan, Share, Practice
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Make a planWrite it downEnsure everyone understandsReview and practice
In Your Research Group
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Identify local emergency numbers Locate medical treatment centers and
trauma centers Procedures for dealing with an emergency
◦ Physical injury◦ Chemical exposure◦ Environmental Exposure
Evacuation and Meetinglocation
Emergency Response Plan
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Accidents Spills / Splashes / Accidental Releases Near Misses Fire UT Alert System (http://www.utk.edu/utalert/
)
Types of Emergencies
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Emergencies – 911
Chemical spill or release – EHS – 4-5084 (do not leave a voicemail message)
After hours spill or release – UTPD – 4-3111
Who You Gonna Call?
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Physical HazardsPlan, Share, Practice
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Environmental Hazards◦ Work area conditions◦ Hot/cold, humid/dry, improper lighting
Chemically Produced Physical Hazards◦ Explosives & Reactives
Equipment Hazards◦ Mechanical, Electrical, Vacuum, High pressure,
Cut and Abrasion Hazards, Hot and Cold equipment, Open flames, Noise/Sound
What are Physical Hazards
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Number one type of accident is still “Slips, Trips, and Falls”◦ Maintain safe pathways and use good
housekeeping◦ Keep cables and cords in safe paths where they
will not be damaged and they will not contribute to trip hazards.
Environmental hazards
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Highly Reactive compounds and incompatibles can cause very powerful energy release in the form of intense light, heat or pressure waves.
Chemically Produced Physical Hazards
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Use only the scale of reaction required and approved to achieve your goals.
Use proper PPE and Engineering Controls to prevent exposure to a potential explosion
If the agent/reaction has the possibility of a violent reaction believe that it could happen to you.
Chemically Produced Physical Hazards
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MechanicalElectricalVacuum/High pressureCut and Abrasion HazardsHot and Cold equipmentOpen flamesNoise/Sound
Equipment Hazards
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Know and train on even the most basic equipment.
Equipment with moving parts can entrap extremities, clothing, and long hair. ◦ Use proper clothing and PPE and tie back long
hair. Ensure guards are in place and in good
condition. Never remove safety devices Moving objects can throw objects Use lockout tagout procedures when
repairing
Mechanical Hazards
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Ways to avoid common lab electrical hazards are ensuring cables and cords are not damaged by the lab environment. ◦ Avoid heat/flame damage to insulation◦ mechanical trauma such as the damage a cord
may receive behind a heavy object such as a gas cylinder.
Electrical Hazards
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Do not daisy chain extension cords or power strips.
Extension cords are designed for temporary use only.
If electrical work is needed in your lab a qualified electrical worker is required to do the work.
Use GFCI outlets when the risk of shock is higher such as at sinks and water sources. ◦ Note: Grounding and GFCI are not the same.
Electrical Hazards cont’d
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Never bypass a grounding prong on an electrical plug.
If your outlets are not “holding” or “gripping” the plug, then notify facilities services as the outlet may be damaged and a fire hazard.
If work is required in your lab please ensure you are aware of what a lockout condition is and how it relates to you as a non-electrical worker.
Electrical Hazards cont’d
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Chance of Implosion or Explosion Particularly dangerous with Glassware For pressurized equipment and glassware:
◦ Ensure a blast shield or hood sash is in place.◦ If using a face shield eye protection must be worn
as well
Vacuum and High Pressure
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Broken Glassware should be replaced. Use proper technique and PPE when
working. Good housekeeping keeps Glassware from:
◦ Accumulating in the dirty bin◦ Accidentally being knocked over
Don’t forget that when you need to move something large or cumbersome around the lab a pair of sturdy work gloves may be in order.
THINK Safety…
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Most lab surfaces that are heated look the same hot and cold: “Hot Glass Looks Like Cold Glass”
Remember to allow proper cooling times on heated elements before work or repair
Use caution with heating mantles and hotplates around combustible and flammable materials
Hot and Cold Equipment
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Use Cryo gloves and eye protection when working with Liquid Nitrogen or dry ice. ◦ Flash Freezing works well on samples◦ It also can work well on you
Dispense and Transport Liquid Nitrogen only with approved methods.
Hot and Cold Equipment cont’d
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Never leave unattended. Keep away from flammable
and combustible materials including volatile flammable gases
Keep hair tied back and loose clothing away
Open Flames
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Hearing protection programs can be required under OSHA.
Thresholds are set for an 8-hour work day EHS can survey a work area on request.
Noise and Sound
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Chemical HazardsHazard ClassesStorageUse & Handling
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◦ Oxidizer◦ Flammable◦ Explosive◦ Acutely Toxic◦ Corrosive◦ Compressed Gases◦ Health Hazard◦ Environmental Toxin◦ Exclamation Mark
Hazard Classes
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Lab Door Placard SDS Chemical labels Chemical Hygiene
Plan SOPs Hazardous
Communication (Right-To-Know)
How do you know?
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Oxidizers and flammables
Acids and bases Flammables and
corrosives Corrosives and
metals Know what to do
with strong reactions
Incompatible Chemicals
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Segregate incompatibles by storing in different cabinets
Use secondary containment when space is at a premium
Segregation and Storage
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Do◦ Segregate by hazard
class first◦ Use proper
containers◦ Use secondary
containment◦ Check expiration
dates◦ Inspect shelving and
shelf clips periodically
Don’t◦ Stack chemicals or store
too high◦ Allow containers to
hang over edge◦ Use food containers◦ Allow excessive bench
top and fume hood storage
◦ Keep chemicals indefinitely or past expiration dates
◦ Store flammables in unapproved refrigerators
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Some chemicals are unstable when stored past their expiration dates:Ethyl ether (diethyl ether)Sodium AzidePicric Acid
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Lab Specific SOPs Chemical Hygiene
Plan Chemical Inventory
Chemical Use and Handling
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Routes of exposure◦ Contact◦ Injection◦ Inhalation◦ Ingestion
Know the hazards Use Proper PPE
How to Reduce the Risk of Exposure
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Fume Hoods Shields Storage Cabinets Secondary
Containment ex. Spill Trays
Engineering Controls
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Use a cart with secondary containment
Move limited quantities
Use caution going through doorways and public areas
Use freight elevator
Transporting Chemicals
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Best practice – order from manufacturer
Must be authorized to ship haz mat
Must give minimum of 72 hours notice
Shipping Chemicals
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Deface old labels when reusing containers
Label containers clearly (contents, your name, date)
Labeling
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Do not eat or drink in the chemical laboratory.
Provide break area outside the lab
Handling Chemicals Safely
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Personal Protective Equipment
ClothingEye ProtectionHand Protection
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Long pants Long sleeves Closed-toe, non-absorbent shoes Protect your clothing with a lab coat or
apron
Proper Clothing
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The type of eye protection required depends on the work being performed.
Wearing the proper eye protection is required by the Laboratory Standard and Personal Protective Equipment Standards.
Eye Protection
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It is the responsibility of the employer to determine the presence of hazards, select and purchase the appropriate safety devices, and train the employees.
The employer is not required to provide prescription safety eyewear.
Eye Protection
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Immediately begin flushing the eyes with large amounts of tepid water for a minimum of fifteen minutes.
While the eyes are being flushed, medical help should be summoned
What is the first action for chemicals in the eyes?
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It’s not measured by distance, but by time
10 seconds For strong
caustics/acids equipment should be immediately adjacent to the work area
Maximum distance from work station to eye wash/safety shower?
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Never neutralize chemicals splashed in the eyes – always flush with water only
Never use an emergency eye wash bottle
You must never work alone in the laboratory
Activate every eyewash at least weekly to verify operation and clear liquid flow
Keep areas around eyewashes clear from clutter to provide quick and easy access in the event of an emergency
Additional Eye Safety Precautions
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You can eat with false teeth, you can dance with a wooden leg, you can even hear with a hearing aid, but you can’t see with a glass eye.
So Why Protect My Eyes?
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Safety Showers
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Choose the right gloves for the job
Disposable vs Reusable
Latex vs other glove materials
For non-chemical work
Hand Protection
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Follow manufacturer’s recommendations
Not all gloves are the same
There is no one perfect glove for all chemicals
Gloves to protect you vs. gloves to protect your work
Be aware of what you touch with your gloves
Remove gloves before leaving lab
Never reuse disposable gloves
Contamination not always visible
Glove Selection
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85 decibels sustained over 8 hr work day
EHS can monitor noise levels
Hearing Protection
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If you need to wear a respirator contact EHS at 4-5084
Respiratory Protection
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Compressed Gas Cylinders
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Gases stored in steel pressure vessels above atmospheric pressure
A standard cylinder may hold about 300 cubit feet of the gas in excess of 2000psi
About Gas Cylinders
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What hazards can be present?◦ They can be very heavy◦ High Pressure◦ Can Conduct Electricity◦ Any chemical hazard
Flammable Asphyxiant Oxidizer Toxic
Gas Cylinder Basics
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Properties & safe use before using SOPs, CHP, SDS
Never accept unlabeled cylinders
Know the Hazards
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Always store with the valve closed and the cap secured.
Secure the upper third of a cylinder with straps or chains to a:◦ Secure bench◦ Wall mount◦ Approved free standing
Stand Always Store upright
Cylinder Storage – Do’s
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Always bond and ground cylinders of flammable gases.
Oxidizer (e.g. Oxygen) cylinder storage must be separated from flammable gas storage areas or combustible materials by at least 20 feet or by a non-combustible wall.
Cylinder Storage – Do’s
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Slack chains or straps
Excessive storage Protect from high
temperatures Do not store in
escape paths or near fire exits
Cylinder Storage – Don’ts
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Compressed gas cylinders must have hydrostatic testing done every 5-10 years, depending on the gas.
Do not keep cylinders around for longer than this time period because it prevents this testing.
Other Considerations
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Never roll, drag or slide cylinders, even for short distances. Cylinders should always be moved by using a suitable hand truck with retaining straps or chains
Never drop cylinders or permit them to strike each other.
Moving & Transport
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Always use regulators and pressure relief devices when using cylinders.
Only regulators and plumbing approved for the specific gas should be used.
Never use an adapter to make a regulator “work”
Open the cylinder valve before adjusting pressure on regulator.
Safe Handling of Compressed Gas Cylinders
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Never permit oil, grease, or other readily combustible substances to come in contact with oxygen cylinders, valves or regulators.
Safe Handling of Compressed Gas Cylinders
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Never use oxygen as a substitute for compressed air.
Do not permit cylinders to come in contact with electrical apparatus or circuits.
Safe Handling of Compressed Gas Cylinders
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When returning empty cylinders, close the valve before shipment.
Leave some positive pressure in the cylinder.
Replace any protective caps originally shipped with the cylinder.
Mark the cylinder “EMPTY” and segregate from full cylinders.
Safe Handling of Compressed Gas Cylinders
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Gas bottle explosion
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What a pressurized container can do when the right amount of heat is applied.
Transportation?
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Remember, a plan is only a plan if it’s on paper.
And a paper plan is only as good as the practice put into it.
Plan, Share, Practice
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How We Inspect / How You Can Help
What’s in it for you?
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What we look for?◦ PPE use◦ Chemical Storage◦ Labeling◦ Emergency Equipment◦ Hazardous Waste◦ Door Placards◦ Infrastructure Problems
Inspections
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Plan, Share, Practice Be a good example
How Can You Help?
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NO LESSON IS SO IMPORTANT AND NO TASK SO URGENT THAT WE CAN NOT TAKE TIME TO TEACH, LEARN, AND PRACTICE SCIENCE SAFELYThe Laboratory Safety Institutewww.labsafety.org
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Thank you for your patience and attention, Please let me know if there is anything I can help you with to make MSE a safer place to be!
Questions?