Download - Materials
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MaterialsPractical Woodworking
National 4 & 5
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Wood There is an enormous selection of
different timbers available. This range can be split into two groups:
Softwoods
Hardwoods
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Softwoods Timbers which come from trees that
are coniferous (evergreen)
Needle like leaves
Seeds found in cones
Most grow fast
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Red Pine Yellow/white
softwood Straight grain Cheap Lightweight Easy to work with Use for exterior and
interior work Suitable for turning
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White Pine Yellow/white
softwood Cheap Lightweight Easy to work with Use for exterior and
interior work Suitable for turning Used in construction
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Spruce Pale brown/red Small knots Cheap Fairly strong Easy to work Very resistant to
splitting Lightweight Use for interior work
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Larch Pale Red Heavy Hard Good water
resistance Easy to work Used in construction
and flooring
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Cedar Light brown
softwood Lots of knots Durable Good water
resistance Medium weight Low strength Easy to work Used for furniture
and veneers
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Douglas Fir Pale Yellow/white
softwood Straight grain Knot free Lightweight Fairly strong Splits easily Use for exterior
work and plywood
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Hardwoods Come from trees which are deciduous
Have broad leaves that shed in the winter
Slow growing
Have few knots
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Mahogany Red/brown
hardwood Strong Good water
resistance Easy to work and
machine Used for furniture
and veneers
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Oak Pale yellow/brown
hardwood Heavy Hard and strong Expensive Can corrode steel
screws from acid Boat building,
barrels, high end furniture and floors
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Ash
Pale brown hardwood
Expensive Strong Uses include
veneers and furniture
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Walnut Dark brown
hardwood Cross grain makes
planning difficult Strong Can be used both
indoors and out for high end furniture and exterior joinery
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Beech Pale yellow
hardwood Hard and heavy Good for machining Not suitable for
outdoors Suitable for tool
handles, worktops, furniture and floors
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Teak Brown hardwood Hard and strong Straight grain Difficult to glue
because of oil in wood
Used in high end furniture, lab benches and ship decking
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Man-made Boards Wide boards of hardwood and softwood
are expensive and can warp
Available in large boards
Does not warp
Cost less to buy
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Chipboard Gluing chips of
wood together under heat and pressure
Veneer and plastic laminate faced chipboard common
Use for worktops, shelves and furniture making
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Hardboard Made by mixing wood
fibres together with resin glue and water then pressed into sheets
Not very strong Usually used to
support timber frames
Found in drawers and cabinets
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MDF Medium Density
Fibreboard Compressed under
great pressure Cheap, strong, easily
shaped and finished Used for all types of
furniture, kitchen worktops etc.
Laminated for ease of washing
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Plywood Layers or plies of
wood glued together
Grain of ply laid at right angles to the next
Strong Used for back of
cabinets, drawers and lightweight box construction
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Blockboard Sandwich of
softwood strips between two plies
Cheaper to manufacture than plywood
Lightweight and strong
Used for doors and box construction
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