Download - Material Information for Architects
VRAToronto 2009
Material Information for Architects
Donna KacmarUniversity of Houston
materialhistory
process innovation
+
product innovation
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http://www.materia.nl/
+
www.transstudio.com/www.greenbuildingpages.com/press/Benchmarking/GBP2007CreditUpdate.htmwww.healthybuilding.net/news/061109pharos.htmlwww.healthybuilding.net/news/060629labelgame.htmlwww.pharosproject.net/www.localgreenmaterials.orgwww.core77.comwww.idsa.orgwww.matweb.comwww.ides.comwww.materialconnexion.com
material explorations
material research
how do we select materials for a building?
how do we select materials for a building?
visual characteristics+cost
INTRINSIC PROPERTIES (remain constant)
properties that are inherent to the material and can be measuredmechanical + electrical + physical + chemical + thermal properties:strengthtoughnessconductivitydensityreactivity
EXTRINSIC PROPERTIES (vary depending on project, location)
properties that are dependant on context (time and place) of processing and applicationoptical propertiesacousticalcost (initial cost + life cycle cost)durabilitycultural value
composition of material
the chemical and mineral content
from the chart
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VOC
volatile organic compounds
as a percentage or parts per million (ppm)
from the Material Safety Data Sheet or call manufacturer or product representative
origin of raw materials
where (in the world) are the raw ingredients mined or removed from the earth?
locate on a map. how far away is that from the building site?
you will need a specific material or product to trace its exact path
manufacturing process
how the raw material gets made into a finished product
how much energy is used?
how much water is used?
does the process pollute air or water?
does it harm the employees working at the manufacturing facility?
energy used in manufacturing
cradle to gate
expressed as MJ per kg or BTU per ton
convert to BTU per sq. ft. of specified thickness for cladding materials
Titanium430 MJ/kg
Polycarbonate86 MJ/kg
Float glass15.9 MJ/kg
Cypress2 MJ/kg
Hammond, Geoffrey P. and Craig I. Jones, 2008. 'Embodied energy and carbon in construction materials', Proc. Instn Civil Engrs: Energy, 161 (2): 87-98
http://www.atypon-link.com/TELF/doi/abs/10.1680/ener.2008.161.2.87
https://wiki.bath.ac.uk/display/ICE/Home+Page
energy used in transportation
gate to site = transportation method x transportation distance
RAIL: 344 BTU per ton-mileBOAT: 417 BTU per ton-mileTRUCK: 4,300 BTU per ton-milePLANE: 31,600 BTU per ton-mile
(2003 energy intensities )
embodied energy
=
cradle to gate + gate to site
embodied water
amount of water required in manufacturing process (including extraction of raw materials) L per kg
convert to gallons per sq. ft. of specified thickness
weight
pounds per cubic foot
pounds per sq. ft. of specified thickness
density
weight per unit of volume
pounds per cubic foot
R value
insulation property of a material
(the higher the number the greater the insulative qualities)
U value: how well a material conducts heat
compressive strength
ability of material to resist loads/force
pounds per square inch (psi)
metals are more elastic under loading
ceramics fail suddenly and unpredictably
tensile strength
nominal stress at which the material, loaded in tension, separates
pounds per square inch (psi)
sound transmission rating
how well a partition attenuates airborne sound
the decibel sound reduction the partition offers (dB)
STC rating
UL Flame Spread rating
relative rate at which a flame will be spread in a material
Class A: 0- 25Class B: 26-75Class C: 76-200Class D: 201+
recycled content%
ability to be recycled
readilypossiblenot possible
or can material be reclaimed?
electrical/magnetic
conductivity: ability to conduct electrical current
resistivity: ability to resist electrical current
magnetic properties
coolness/warmth
thermal diffusivity: ability of a material to transfer heat in a nonsteady state condition
square metres per second
thermal conductivity: ability of a material to transfer heat in a steady state condition
history of material
from discovery to now
precedents
in use in buildings or products
life expectancy (durability)
in years
cost
per sq. ft. of specified thickness
for material cost only
for material + labor?
for place it will be installed
standard sizes
maximum sizes
architectural specifications
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CONTACT US
Trespa North America Ltd.
12267 Crosthwaite CirclePoway, CA 92064USAPhone: (800) 487-3772Fax:(858) [email protected]
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material library
ceramics
glass
concrete
other masonry
wood
metal
polymers
COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH DATABASEINTRINSIC PROPERTIES (remain constant)properties that are inherent to the material and can be measuredmechanical + electrical + physical + chemical + thermal properties:strengthtoughnessconductivitydensityreactivity
SCHOOL SPECIFIC RESEARCH DATABASE + MATERIAL LIBRARYEXTRINSIC PROPERTIES (vary depending on project, location)properties that are dependant on context (time and place) of processing and applicationoptical propertiesacousticalcost (initial cost + life cycle cost)durabilitycultural value
COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH DATABASEproperties that are inherent to the material and can be measuredComposition of materialsRecycled contentRecyclabilityWeightDensityR-valueSound transmission valueUL Flame spread ratingVOC ContentEmbodied energy: cradle to gateHosting of database
SCHOOL SPECIFIC RESEARCH DATABASE + MATERIAL LIBRARYproperties that are dependant on context (time and place) of processing and applicationCost (initial cost + life cycle cost)DurabilityEmbodied energy: gate to sitePhysical samples
POTENTIAL COLLABORATORS
VRAAIAUSGBCACSANCARB
UniversitiesProfessional ArchitectsDesigners