Download - Material Balance Methodology
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MATERIAL BALANCEMETHODOLOGY
Julia BrownManager, Process Development
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Introduction:
In an enterprise, the waste andemission problems, appear from theproduction points where the
materials are used, processed andtreated. To give a solution to yourenvironmental problems, the sourceshas to be identified, as well as thevolume and the causes of the wasteand emissions......
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..... The substances with which you are working with, have to be
known, to estimate its real valuein the process and to estimatepossible developments during
the evaluation.
Introduction
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Materials Balance analysis (MB) is asystematic reconstruction of the way
in which a chemical element, acompound or material passes through
a natural cycle and/or its economicalbenefits. An analysis of the materialflow, usually is based on the origin of aphysical balance.
German investigation Committe, 1993
Definition
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Describes or illustrates any materialflow present in the enterprise.
Trace the waste at the point at whichit is generated.
Print data so that decisions may betaken. Identify the production process
weaknesses. Give a detailed reasonable and
quantified priorization of the resultsto obtain wastes and emissionsminimization.
Objectives of BM
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Identify the materials used by theenterprise.
Identify the sources, the volumesand causes of the wastes and
emissions. Create a base for the evaluation andprediction of future developments.
Define strategies to improve thegeneral situation of the enterprise.
Results
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Analysis points have to be definedand the parameters that are to beevaluated.The overview or overall effect ofthe balance has to be defined.The time period considered by thebalance has to be defined.The process consequences aredefined.The flow diagram is designed.The MBs are to be generated.Results should be interpreted.
How a MB is done?
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First step is to develop an analysis of input and
output of the enterprise. Detailed analysis in relation to the moreextensive flows and ecological problems.
Definition of each flows importance
1. Points of Analysis and
Technical Advice
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Actual
Reactive
Advice
Internal rulesKnowledge of thesource
SegregationReliable points Variation with thetime
strategy
1.1 Conditions of Technical Advice
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2. MB Overview
The productive process is divided intosequencial steps according to thepriority of the analysis and the studyof the flows previously done.
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3. Definition of the period of time
The representative period of time has to bechoosen depending of the type and size of theenterprise.
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4. Definition of process sequence
Detailed study of the material flow. Processes are divided according to a
representative structure.
What are considered processes?activities, equipments, products orutility aspects.
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5. Flow diagram
Graphic interpretation of the materials flows.It shows volumes, proportions, ecologicalrelevance among other characteristics.
Indicate the sequence or steps of theproductive process.
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Flow Diagram Example
First soak by spray
Caustic soda bath
Soak by inmersion
Caustic soda bath
Final soak byinmersion
Returned bottles
Water
WaterCaustic sodaDetergentVapor
WaterCaustic sodaDetergentVapor
Water
Vapor
WaterVapor
Detergent ResiduesCaustic soda ResiduesOrg. & inorg. matter
Labels+ Caustic soda sol.Residual bathMudsCondensates
Residual bathMudsCondensates
Condensates
Condensates
Washed bottles
Input Output
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Conservation mass principle is used because itindicates that:
Input Material = Output Material Units of measurements given in kg or m 3
6. Material Balance
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Example 1: Input and Output diagram
Auxiliary materials
Unit Operation
Raw materialProduct
(expected)
byproduct(usable)
Waste
Water Energy
Waste easilyassimilated by
theenvironment
Inert wastealways available
toxic/dangerouswaste
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Plant, Process or Unit Operacin
Gaseous emissionsRawmaterials
Catalyst
Air/Water
Energy
Recycle
Reusable residues in otheroperation
Products
By-products
Wastewater
Liquid waste
Solid waste
Example 2: Input and Output
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7. Interpretation
Establish standards that will establish arelationship between the material consume andthe waste generated.
Establish the process efficiency indicators.(for example Kwh/coffee produced)
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One dollar invested in preventionis like one thousand dollars in
medicine
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Thank you