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Mark Poch, PE, PTOEDarcy Akers, EIT
City of Bellevue, WA
PED MINUS LEFT
T3 WebinarDecember 2, 2015
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130,000 pop.197 signals
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The ChallengeProtected Only Turns
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• Set up to run 24/7/365
• No permissive turns during less heavy traffic conditions
The ChallengeProtected Only Turns
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The ChallengeProtected/Permissive Turns
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• Conflicts with Pedestrians
• No ProtectedONLY turnsduring heavier traffic conditions
The ChallengeProtected/Permissive Turns
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The Challenge
How to provide the right LT phasing at the right time?
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The Response
Develop new tools• Sydney Coordinated Adaptive Traffic System (SCATS) • Utilize Flashing Yellow Arrow (FYA) display• Pro Only vs. Pro/Per by Time of Day or adaptively
Example of Cycle Split Plan
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Flashing Yellow Arrow (FYA)
Protected Permissive Operation Before Flashing Yellow Arrow
Flashing Yellow Arrow Display
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Systematically evaluate all Protected left turn locations
citywide
Protected Left Turn to Protected/Permissive by
• Time of Day (TOD)• Adaptively
SCATS Phasing Map
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City of Bellevue Left Turn Phasing Implementation Protected/Permissive LT Phase
Location: 140th Ave NE and NE 24th St (#64) Direction: NBLT Proposed: Flashing Yellow ArrowEvaluated by: Fred Liang Date: 3/5/2013 Existing: Protected/Permissive
Data: Speed Limit (mph) 30 AM vol LT 2013 66 Opp Thru 432 X‐prod 28512 Opp LT 120# opposing thru lane 1 Noon vol LT 2013 66 Opp Thru 297 X‐prod 19602 Opp LT 61
PM vol LT 2013 157 Opp Thru 401 X‐prod 62957 Opp LT 79Accident one direction 1 year NA 2 years NA 3 years NA
two diections 1 year NA 2 years NA 3 years NA
Satisfy ConsiderationYes Speed Limit <= 45 mph
Yes Phasing No lead‐lag unless using "flashing arrow" operation
NA Accident 5/yr; 9/2‐yr; 13/3‐yr (one direction); >=9/yr; 16/2‐yr; 20/3‐yr (two directions)
Yes Sight distance Posted Speed Limit (mph)25 30 35 40
Number 1 202 242 282 323of 2 220 264 308 352Lanes 3 238 286 334 381
Yes # of opposing lanes Less than or equal to 3 opposing lanes (including right turn only lane)
No Ped Minus Left Use during higher traffic periods if previous phasing was protected only
Yes (PM) Volume & X product LT >= two vehicles/cycle during peak ANDOne opposing thru lane >50,000 if opposing LT >=50 (vph)One opposing thru lane >75,000 if opposing LT <50 (vph)Two or more opposing thru lanes >100,000 if opposing LT>=50 (vph)Two or more opposing thru lanes >125,000 if opposing LT <50 (vph)
Recommendation: All day FYALT
Sample Calculation Spreadsheet
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107 protected only left turns converted to pro/per with FYA by TOD or adaptively
Protected/Permissive
Installation of new heads in preparation for SCATS implementation
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Resolve Pedestrian conflict with permissive left
Protected/Permissive
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Resolve Pedestrian conflict with permissive left turn
A recent controversial study by Oregon State University examined driver behavior in permissive left turns has identified about 4‐9 % of the time, drivers don't even bother to look and see if there are people in the way.
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A recent controversial study by Oregon State University examined driver behavior in permissive left turns has identified about 4‐9 % of the time, drivers don't even bother to look and see if there are people in the way.
Resolve Pedestrian conflict with permissive left turn
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How? SCATS “Ped Minus Left” Feature
Ped Minus Left = Pedestrian crosses without the left turn conflict
Resolve Pedestrian conflict with permissive left turn
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How? SCATS “Ped Minus Left” FeatureAllows engineers to protect pedestrians by omitting the permissive left turn when the crosswalk has a walk or flashing don’t walk indication
Resolve Pedestrian conflict with permissive left turn
Used at all previously protected only locations
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Ped Minus Left
Example
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No Ped – FYA (Don’t Walk)
Ped Minus Left
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Ped Waiting – Red(Don’t Walk)
Ped Minus Left
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Ped Crossing – Red(Walk and FDW)
Ped Minus Left
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After FDW – FYA (Don’t Walk)
Ped Minus Left
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Video Example
Ped Minus Left
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Pro/Per with Ped Minus LeftCost Savings from Reduced Delay
• Simulation models• Value of time = $15/hr
$600,000
$1,300,000
$2,200,000
$2,700,000$3,000,000 +
$0
$1,000,000
$2,000,000
$3,000,000
Phase 1 Thru Phase 2 Thru Phase 3 Thru Phase 4 Thru Phase 5
COST SAV
INGS PE
R YEAR
Public Cost Savings ($) Reduced Left‐turn Delay Adjusted for accidents
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Pro/Per with Ped Minus LeftNo Left Turn vs. Pedestrian Accidents when
Ped Minus has been activated
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Final ThoughtsWHY??
• Net Left Turn Improvement Benefit = $3 million/yr• Decreased Vehicle and Pedestrian Delays• SCATS Project Cost = $5.5 million (one time)• Not possible without Ped Minus Left• Potential for standard application
BELLEVUEINTELLIGENT
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM