Download - Maps: Reference & Communication
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Maps: Reference & Communication
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Scale - map
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Scale
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Maps: Two-dimensional, scaled representations of Earth surface - show spatial data (data with locational component)Cartography (map-making) involves 4 design decisions – based on purpose of map
Projection Scale Aggregation Type of Map (thematic* or
reference)
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smaller scaleSample Area Covered Fraction Scale Verbal ScaleWorld 1:78,000,000 1 in = 1,250 mi No. America 1:36,000,000 1 in = 570 miCentral U.S. 1: 4,000,000 1 in = 64 miAAA Colo map 1: 1,267,200 1 in = 20 mi
larger scale
Smaller-scale shows more land area in less detail. Used to show global patterns.
Larger-scale shows less land area in more detail. Used on local maps.
Map Scale The ratio of map distance to earth distance, measured in the same units
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Displaying the same geographical features at various scales may also depict misleading results.
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Percent of 1990 pop age 25+ with bachelor's degree
Data aggregated by State
Map Aggregation The level of detail for dividing a thematic map into
geographic units
Ranges from coarse divisions
(e.g., by countries) to fine divisions (e.g., by zip
codes)
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Percent of pop age 25+
with bachelor's degree (1990)
Note what information is lost at higher levels of
aggregation
Aggregated by State
(northeast close-up)
Aggregated by County (WV, MA)
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THEMATIC MAPS – depict characteristics of places
Categorical type - Depict areas that are different in kind- Use several distinct colors to show different categories
desert forest tundra
Examples: climates, religionsChoropleth type
- Depict areas that are different in amount- Use shades of similar colors to show different values
high value medium low value
Examples: population density, literacy rates
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Example of “categorical map”
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Example of “choropleth map”Human Development Index (HDI) Rankings
Includes GNI/PPP, Literacy, and Life Expectancy
Which regions have high HDI?Which regions have low HDI?Which places are exceptions?
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Isoline type(Average Daily Solar Radiation)Lines connect points of equal value Dot Density type
(Wisconsin Acreage in Potatoes)
Each dot represents a frequency of mapped
variable
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Proportional Symbol Map (Graduated Circle type)
Size of symbol varies in relation to frequency or intensity of the mapped
variable
Proportional Symbol Map (Flow Vector type)