Download - Manual Handling by Adams Burt & Associates
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Manual Handling
An Introduction
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Manual Handling
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Course Content
Statistics
Definition
Anatomy & InjuriesMechanics
Law
Risk AssessmentLifting Safely
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Anyone Hurt?
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Accident Statistics
Largest cause of accidents at work
37% Manual Handling
19% Slips, Trips and Falls12% Other Causes
20% Struck by an Object
7% Falling from Height
5% Machinery
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Accident Statistics
Interpreted another way - the overall figureof 37% means that:
86000 people are absent daily
26,500,000 working days are lost annually
1000,000,000 is lost in production,sickness benefit and medical costs
In terms of suffering each injury results in an
average of 20 days off work
some neverfully recover. Four out of five people suffer
with back related problems at some time the
risk is greater after the age of 30.
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Definition of Manual Handling
The transporting orsupporting of a load byhand or some other part of
the body including thelifting, putting down,pushing, pulling, carrying,
moving or intentionallydropping or throwing a load
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Anatomy
SpineThree main functions To protect the spinal cord
To allow movement.
To support the upper body
Complex System
Spinal Cord
Nerves Ligaments
Muscles & Tendons
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AnatomySpine - Strong and Flexible Gentle S bend Move or lift in wrong way balance
can be disturbed
Problems contributory factors Poor physical condition
Posture
Lack of exercise Excess weight
Illness
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Vertebrae 33 bones the top 24 are
separated by discs
Each vertebrae has 4 jointswhich enables movement
Vertebrae are largertowards the bottom of the
spine
Vertebrae
Spinal CordDisc
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AnatomyDiscs
Act as shockabsorbers
Firmly attached tovertebrae
Poor blood supply
Annulus stretchesand relaxes duringmovement.
Disc
Nucleus
Annulus
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AnatomyDiscs Repeated stresses
can cause minutetears and bulging ofthe disk.
Presses onadjacent nervesand ligamentspins & needles,pain, numbness
Commonly called aslipped disc
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Muscles
Muscles are bundles of fibre which enablemovement
Messages from the brain cause them tocontract and relax
Connected by tendons and when musclescontract the bones are drawn closer together
A damaged muscle is called a strain
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Mechanics Balance point is through centre of body when
standing
A load held in front disturbs the balance - tension isgenerated in the back muscles to compensate
Forms a lever effect
Average person holding a 10kg load at arms lengthgenerates a counterbalancing tension up to 10times more to avoid falling over
High or repetitive levels of tension in the back can
cause damage
called muscle strain
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Mechanics
Centre of Gravity
Centre of Gravity
Lever effect is reduced if load held closer to the body
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Ligaments & Nerves
Ligaments Strong fibrous tissue
Small degree ofelasticity
Stooped backposture can result inpermanentelongationweakness and pain
Damaged if stretched
too far and torncalled a sprain.
Nerves Millions of fibres
transmitting electricalimpulses
Vertebrae enclose andprotect
Nerves branch out fromthe spinal cord and passbetween vertebrae
Irritated nerves can befelt right along therelength called sciatica
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Manual Handling Regulations 1992
Regulations provide a hierarchy of measuresEmployers must:
Avoid manual handling where possible
Assess any hazardous activities where manual handling
cant be avoided
If the assessment indicates a significant risk of injury a
more specific assessment must be made
Reduce the risk of injury as far as is reasonably
practicable
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Employees have duties too:
Follow the laid down systems of work
Make proper use of equipment provided
Co-operate in H&S matters
Advise your manager if you are unwell
Not putting other people at risk
Manual Handling Regulations 1992
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Risk Assessment
T Task
I Individuals capabilities
L LoadE Environment
any other factors
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The Task
Holding loads awayfrom body
Twisting
Stooping
Reaching upwardsLarge verticalmovements
Long traveldistances
Strenuous pushingand pulling
Unpredictablemovement of load
Repetitive handlingInsufficient rest orrecovery time
Workrate imposed bythe process
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Individual Capability
Physical condition
Illness
Pregnancy
Requires unusual capabilities
Call for special information or training
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The Load
Heavy
Bulky or unwieldy
Difficult to graspUnstable/unpredictable
Harmful ie sharp/hot
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The Working Environment
Constraints on posture eg lack of space
Poor floors
Variations in levelsHot/cold/rain/ice/humid conditions
Strong air movement
Poor lighting conditions
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Other Factors
and people!! High Stress
Poor Diet
Lack of exercise
Rushing pressure of work
Showing off
Short cuts
Is movement hindered by clothing or personalprotective clothing
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Risk Assessment
Identify the elements of significant riskDecide who might be harmed and how
Evaluate risks/Control measures
Record the findings of assessment
Review/revise assessment
T Task
I Individuals capabilities
L Load
E Environment
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Video
Manual Handling The Facts
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Lifting Safely
Ultimate ObjectiveTo Relieve Fatigue & Strain
Use correct handling techniques
Ensure good visionChange position regularly
Avoid over reaching or stretching
Adjust work surface heights
Relax where possible
Use mechanical aids
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Kinetic Lifting
Summarised by:
Plan the Route
Assess the loadCorrect position of feet
Straight back
Correct gripLift smoothly
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Kinetic Lifting
Plan the Route
Where is the load going
Are there obstructions in the wayIs there somewhere to set it down
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Kinetic Lifting
One Person Lift
Determine the weight
Look for sharp edges
See if weight is evenly distributed
Keep heaviest side to body
Decide how to hold the load
If it is too heavy use a trolley or get assistance
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Kinetic LiftingCorrect Positioning of Feet
Comfortably apart
One foot positioned in direction ofmovement
Other foot where it can givemaximum thrust to the body
To maintain good balance
feet should never be too
close together on the ground
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Kinetic Lifting
Straight BackLower the body byrelaxing the knees
Keep your back
straight (but notvertical)
Keep load close tobody
Keep chin in and headback
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Kinetic Lifting
LiftingIf lifting from ground makemaximum use of legs
Keep back straight but
inclined forwardAs lift proceeds and thelegs are straightened theback returns to vertical
position
Positioning of feet and bending of
knees are the key factors in
maintaining a straight back
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Kinetic Lifting
Correct GripTake a firm grip by usingthe palms of the handsand roots of fingers
Taking weight on fingertips will create pressureat the end of fingers andcould strain muscles and
tendons in the arms
A full palm grip will reduce muscle
stress to the arms and decrease the
possibility of the load slipping
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Kinetic Lifting
Lifting Smoothly
Thrust from back foot and straightening ofknees will move body forwards and upwards
briefly off balanceImmediately countered by bringing the backfoot forward as if walking
Lift now completed - forward movement
results in smooth transition from lifting tocarrying
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Kinetic LiftingCarrying the Load
Make sure you can see where youare going
Avoid twisting the body moveyour feet instead
If you need to change your gripset the load down not whilstwalking
Setting the Load DownUse the correct stance for liftingand set the load down gently
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Kinetic Lifting
Two Person LiftDecide who will becaller
Assess the weight
Correct positioning offeet
Straight back
Correct grip
Lift together
The caller co-ordinates the lift and ensures
each lifter knows what to do and when
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Kinetic Lifting - Summary
Plan the route, the lift and the setdown point
Position your feet - bent knees,straight back
Firm grip, lift smoothly,
Move the feet do not twist body
Keep the load close to the body
Put down smoothly then adjust for
final position
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Conclusion?