MANILA, PHILIPPINESClimate: Hot and Humid, Tropical
ANNUAL SUMMARY•Average temperature: 25-30ºC
•Average daily hours of sunshine: 6.5
•Average rainfall: 1875 mm
•Prevailing wind direction: E/W
•Average wind speed: 10-35 km/h
•Lat. 14°31’N, Long. 121°00’E
CLIMATE Manila is protected from extreme weather conditions by the hills of the Eastern Cordillera to the east and by the mountains of Bataan Peninsula. The tropical climate is characterized by a wet season that lasts from June to November and by a dry season lasting from December to May. High humidity and thunderstorms are common in July, August, and September, when more rain is received than in other months and wind direction changes from East to West.
Encyclopedia Britannica: Manila Landscape
SUN ANGLES: Manila•Jun. 21 9am: 47º
•Jun. 21 noon: 81º
•Jun. 21 4pm: 33º
•Dec. 21 9am: 33º
•Dec. 21 noon: 52º
•Dec. 21 4pm: 19º
Ecotect: Manila International Airport
Ecotect: Manila International Airport
World Climate: Manila International Airport
CLIMATE ANALYSIS
1
= Manila
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
200 mm (8 in.)
0 mm (0 in.)
300 mm (12 in.)
100 mm (4 in.)
40°C (104°F)
30°C (86°F)
20°C (68°F)
10°C (50°F)
TEMPERATURE
HUMIDITY
PRECIPITATION
400 mm (16 in.)
0%
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
ASHRAE Comfort Zone
3 7 9
113
273
398
341326
120
49
ASHRAE Comfort Zone
Max. Temperature
Average Temperature
Min. Temperature
6
230
SOLAR RADIATIONIn early Spring, Manila has the most sunshine. For most of the year, Manila experiences hazy conditions, causing an increase in humidity throughout the rest of the year.
30 km/h (19 mph)
20 km/h (13 mph)
10 km/h (6mph)
WIND SPEED JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC0 km/h (0mph)
Ecotect: Manila International Airport Data
WIND Largely coming from the East, wind speeds average 10-30 km/hr and average temperature ranges between 25-35 ºC. In the summer and early fall, winds may come from the West with less intensity.
800 W/m2
600 W/m2
400 W/m2
200 W/m2
DIRECT SOLAR
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC0 W/m2
Ecotect: Manila International Airport Data
Spring Summer AutumnWinter
80%
60%
40%
20%
CLOUD COVER
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DECEcotect: Manila International Airport Data Ecotect: Manila International Airport Data
WIND FREQUENCY, DIRECTION, + SPEED
0%
N N N N
100%
40 km/h (25 mph)
50 km/h (31 mph)
CLIMATE ANALYSIS
2
SUN ANGLES: MANILA INTL AIRPORT
•Jun. 21 9am: 47º
•Jun. 21 noon: 81º
•Jun. 21 4pm: 32º
•Dec. 21 9am: 33º
•Dec. 21 noon: 52º
•Dec. 21 4pm: 19º
THERMAL COMFORT The Psychrometric chart shows the standard comfort zone in yellow. The cumulative hours at each temperature and humidity are shaded in increasingly darker olive green. Selected strategies extend the comfort zone without mechanical heating or cooling.
Manila experiences large percentages of humidity and high temperatures throughout the year. Implementing natural ventilation, the building will be able to reduce mechanical operations for a significant part of the year.
SUN PATH
SOLSTICE SUNRISE/SUNSETJun. 21: 5.31 AM 6.22 PMDec. 21:6.17 AM 5.26 PM
PSYCHROMETRIC CHART
HU
MID
ITY
TEMPERATURE
Plan view of the sun path through the sky showing altitude and azimuth.
SUN PATH DIAGRAM
Ecotect: Manila International Airport DataEcotect: Manila International Airport Data
Strategies:ASHRAE Comfort ZoneNatural VentilationThermal MassPassive Solar HeatingExposed Mass and Night PurgeIndirect Evaporative Cooling
E
N
S
W
30º
60º
120º
150º210º
240º
300º
330º 10º
20º
30º
40º
50º
60º70º
80º
CLIMATE ANALYSIS
3