MANAGEMENT OF COFFEE WHITE STEM BORER
MANAGEMENT OF COFFEE WHITE STEM BORER
CULTURAL & MECHANICAL MEASURES
CULTURAL & MECHANICAL MEASURES
PRESENTED BY
K. BHASKARA REDDYREGIONAL COFFEE RESEARCH STATION
R.V. NAGAR, ANDHRA PRADESH
K. BHASKARA REDDYREGIONAL COFFEE RESEARCH STATION
R.V. NAGAR, ANDHRA PRADESH
LAUNCHING WORKSHOP-ICO – CFC- CABI PROJECTINTEGRATED STEM BORER MANAGEMENT IN SMALL HOLDER FARMS-INDIA , MALAWI, ZIMBABWE
• HANDPICKING
• STEM COVERING
• TRAPS
• STEM SCRUBBING
• SHADE MANAGEMENT
• TRACING,UPROOTING & DISPOSAL
CULTURAL AND MECHANICAL METHODS CULTURAL AND MECHANICAL METHODS
LAUNCHING WORKSHOP-ICO – CFC- CABI PROJECTINTEGRATED STEM BORER MANAGEMENT IN SMALL HOLDER FARMS-INDIA , MALAWI, ZIMBABWE
HANDPICKING OF BEETLESEARLIER REPORTS STATED THAT THE BEETLESCOULD BE VERY EASILY HANDPICKED INDICATINGTHE SEVERITY OF THE INCIDENCE IN THOSE DAYS
BEETLES PICKED TREES PULLEDDURING 1924 OUT IN 1925
TRIAL PLOT CONTROL PLOT
8 ACRE PLOT 6231 1418 16865 ACRE PLOT 2000 549 1139
IN A STUDY DURING 1989-91, 10 WORKERS FROM 10ACRES FOR 6 WEEKS COLLECTED 225 ADULTS IN 2FLIGHT SEASONS (GKVeeresh 1993)
NO REDUCTION IN INFESTATION
LAUNCHING WORKSHOP-ICO – CFC- CABI PROJECTINTEGRATED STEM BORER MANAGEMENT IN SMALL HOLDER FARMS-INDIA , MALAWI, ZIMBABWE
STEMS COVERED WITH STRIPS OF DATE PALMMATTING TO PREVENT THE EMERGENCE AND THEEGG-LAYING
FOUND EFFECTIVE, BUT CUMBERSOME AND COSTQUITE PROHIBITIVE (RS. 75/ACRE DURING 1941)
WRAPPING WITH NEWSPAPERS AND PABCO-THERMO-GEN (SHEET FROM SUGARCANE MEGASS) NOTEFFECTIVE
STEM COVERING
WRAPPING STEMS WITH POLYTHENE AND GUNNYSTRIPS DID NOT PREVENT EMERGENCE
LAUNCHING WORKSHOP-ICO – CFC- CABI PROJECTINTEGRATED STEM BORER MANAGEMENT IN SMALL HOLDER FARMS-INDIA , MALAWI, ZIMBABWE
COVERING THE MAIN STEMWITH POLYTHENE AND WIREMESH IN THE FIELD FOUNDDIFFICULT AND NOTFEASIBLE
STEM COVERING
LAUNCHING WORKSHOP-ICO – CFC- CABI PROJECTINTEGRATED STEM BORER MANAGEMENT IN SMALL HOLDER FARMS-INDIA , MALAWI, ZIMBABWE
USE OF TRAPSLIGHT TRAPS
• DIFFERENT TYPES OF LIGHT TRAPS WERETRIED, WITHOUT POSITIVE RESULT
CUT STEMS• THE CUT STEMS OF COFFEE AND OTHER
SHADE TREES HUNG IN THE COFFEEESTATES AS EGG TRAPS GAVE NOSATISFACTORY RESULTS
• DRY AND FRESH TEAK LOGS KEPT IN THEFIELD DID NOT ATTRACT THE BEETLES FOREGG LAYING
LAUNCHING WORKSHOP-ICO – CFC- CABI PROJECTINTEGRATED STEM BORER MANAGEMENT IN SMALL HOLDER FARMS-INDIA , MALAWI, ZIMBABWE
STEM SCRUBBING
IN EARLIER STUDIES, SCRUBBING TWICE DURING THEFLIGHT SEASON FORTNIGHTLY FOUND VERY EFFECTIVEAND SIMPLE REMEDY
THE DRY SCALY BARK, MOSS AND LICHENS REMOVEDALONG WITH EGGS AND YOUNG LARVAE
IN AN ESTATE OF 62 ACRES - SCRUBBING DONE TWICE –1,200 COFFEE BUSHES PULLED OUT AS AGAINST 14,000BUSHES ON AVERAGE OF THE THREE YEARS
SCRUBBING TO BE DONE PARTICULARLY IN OPEN PATCHES
LAUNCHING WORKSHOP-ICO – CFC- CABI PROJECTINTEGRATED STEM BORER MANAGEMENT IN SMALL HOLDER FARMS-INDIA , MALAWI, ZIMBABWE
STEM SCRUBBINGIN LABORATORY AND FIELD TRIALS, BEETLES LAIDEGGS ON UNSCRUBBED STEMS BUT NO EGGSOBSERVED ON SCRUBBED STEMS
SCRUBBING HAD NO EFFECT ON THE PHYSIOLOGYOF THE PLANT – THERE WAS NO CHANGE IN FRUITSET AND RETENTION, NUMBER OF LEAVES
SCRUBING OVER 9 YEARS IN AN AREA OF 195.16ACRES RESULTED IN REDUCTION OF STEMREMOVALS FROM 93 TO 0.81/AC./YEAR
LAUNCHING WORKSHOP-ICO – CFC- CABI PROJECTINTEGRATED STEM BORER MANAGEMENT IN SMALL HOLDER FARMS-INDIA , MALAWI, ZIMBABWE
STEM SCRUBBINGA THREE YEAR STUDY INDICATED THAT
• SCRUBBING EFFECTIVE IF DONE DURINGTHE EGG LAYING PERIOD OR BEFORE THEGRUBS ENTERED THE STEM
• SCRUBBING TO BE DONE ONCE A YEAR
• SCRUBBING USING SHARP OBJECTS LIKEMETAL PIECES, KNIVES ETC., CAUSEDDAMAGE , EVEN DEATH, TO THE PLANT
• COIR GLOVES FOUND BE TO SAFE
LAUNCHING WORKSHOP-ICO – CFC- CABI PROJECTINTEGRATED STEM BORER MANAGEMENT IN SMALL HOLDER FARMS-INDIA , MALAWI, ZIMBABWE
STEM SCRUBBING
SCRUBBED STEM COIR GLOVE
LAUNCHING WORKSHOP-ICO – CFC- CABI PROJECTINTEGRATED STEM BORER MANAGEMENT IN SMALL HOLDER FARMS-INDIA , MALAWI, ZIMBABWE
SHADE MANAGEMENTBEETLES ATTRACTED TO PORTIONS OF THEESTATE WHERE SHADE IS LESS ANDINFESTATION STARTS FROM SUCH SPOTS
ATTENTION TO BE PAID IN KEEPING WELLREGULATED SHADE IN ESTATES WITH BORERINCIDENCE
TIME SHADE REGULATION TO MAINTAINOPTIMUM SHADE DURING FLIGHT PERIODS
BETTER TO HAVE A DENSE SHADE WHENPLANTS ARE YOUNG AND THEN REGULATEAFTER THE PLANTS ARE GROWN UP
LAUNCHING WORKSHOP-ICO – CFC- CABI PROJECTINTEGRATED STEM BORER MANAGEMENT IN SMALL HOLDER FARMS-INDIA , MALAWI, ZIMBABWE
SHADE MANAGEMENT
SAFER TO HAVE MORE SHADE AND A LESSRETURN THAN LOOSING PLANTS TO BORERATTACK
RETAIN MAXIMUM PLANT CANOPY TOATTAIN SELF SHADING ON THE MAIN STEMBY CONTROLLING LEAF DISEASES ANDBLACK ROTCASE STUDY
REMOVAL OF BORER INFESTED STEMS IN FOUR YEARS
ON A LARGE PLANTATION DURING 1929 - 32
IN BORDEAUX SPRAYED PLOT- 36,620IN UNSPRAYED PLOT - 1,07,223
LAUNCHING WORKSHOP-ICO – CFC- CABI PROJECTINTEGRATED STEM BORER MANAGEMENT IN SMALL HOLDER FARMS-INDIA , MALAWI, ZIMBABWE
“ONE OF THE VERY IMPORTANT ITEMS OFBORER CONTROL MEASURES WHICH EVERYCOFFEE PLANTER SHOULD PAY PARTICULARATTENTION TO EVERY YEAR IS THE TIMELYREMOVAL AND VERY CAREFUL DISPOSAL OFBORER REMOVALS BY BURNING. IT IS OFUTMOST IMPORTANCE TO BURN THESECOMPLETELY BEFORE THE MIDDLE OFSEPTEMBER EVERY YEAR, IN ORDER TOENSURE THE DEATH OF ALL THE BORERS INTHE COFFEE STEMS”
TRACING,UPROOTING & DISPOSAL
LAUNCHING WORKSHOP-ICO – CFC- CABI PROJECTINTEGRATED STEM BORER MANAGEMENT IN SMALL HOLDER FARMS-INDIA , MALAWI, ZIMBABWE
EARLIER REPORTS
THIS PRACTICE NEGLECTED IN THE 1930S DUE TOCONTINUED SLUMP IN COFFEE PRICES RESULTED INENORMOUS LOSS OF PLANTS
REMOVAL OF BORER PLANTS AS LATE ASSEPTEMBER AND CONTINUING UP TO NOVEMBERAND HEAPING IN DIFFERENT CORNERS OF THEESTATES RESULTED IN INCREASE IN THE BORERPOPULATION IN LATER YEARS
THE BEETLES DEVELOPING IN THE UPROOTED STEMSCOMPLETE LIFE CYCLE EARLY - RESULTS INOVERLAPPING EMERGENCE
TRACING,UPROOTING & DISPOSAL
LAUNCHING WORKSHOP-ICO – CFC- CABI PROJECTINTEGRATED STEM BORER MANAGEMENT IN SMALL HOLDER FARMS-INDIA , MALAWI, ZIMBABWE
PRACTICE OF STORING THE BORER REMOVALS FOR FUEL ISFOLLOWED BY MANY PLANTERS
WORKERS STORE THESE IN THEIR LINES FOR USE AS FUEL ANDALSO CARTED LONG DISTANCES FOR THIS PURPOSE
IT IS COMMON TO SEE TREES PULLED OUT IN JULY-AUGUSTLYING ALONG THE ROAD SIDE EVEN AS LATE AS DECEMBER
SOMETIMES, UPROOTED STEM LIE IN THE ESTATES FORLONGER PERIOD BEFORE TARNSPORTING
BURNING OF INFESTED STEMS BEFORE END OF SEPTEMBERWILL GO A LONG WAY IN REDUCING BORER ATTACK
TRACING,UPROOTING & DISPOSAL
LAUNCHING WORKSHOP-ICO – CFC- CABI PROJECTINTEGRATED STEM BORER MANAGEMENT IN SMALL HOLDER FARMS-INDIA , MALAWI, ZIMBABWE
BURNING OF INFESTED STEMS
LAUNCHING WORKSHOP-ICO – CFC- CABI PROJECTINTEGRATED STEM BORER MANAGEMENT IN SMALL HOLDER FARMS-INDIA , MALAWI, ZIMBABWE
DEINFESTATION OF THE UPROOTED STEMS FOR OTHER USES
• ALL THE STAGES OF THE BORER DIEDAFTER 7 DAYS WHEN INFESTED STEMSKEPT IMMERSED IN WATER
• HENCE, THE BORER STEMS CAN BE USED AFTER IMMERSING IN WATER FOR TEN DAYS
BORER INFESTED STEMS BEING PUT IN WATER
LAUNCHING WORKSHOP-ICO – CFC- CABI PROJECTINTEGRATED STEM BORER MANAGEMENT IN SMALL HOLDER FARMS-INDIA , MALAWI, ZIMBABWE
LAUNCHING WORKSHOP-ICO – CFC- CABI PROJECTINTEGRATED STEM BORER MANAGEMENT IN SMALL HOLDER FARMS-INDIA , MALAWI, ZIMBABWE