Download - Man & Environment: Biomedical Development
Man & Environment: Biomedical
DevelopmentContributed By: Calista (8)
Su Jean (10) Caleb (15) Shang Wen (17)
CONTENTS
• Different Organ Transplantso Livingo Post- Mortem
• Bone Marrow Transplant (Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant)
• Complications of Transplant• Benefits to Man • Effectiveness of Technology• Negative Impacts on the Environment
LIVING TRANSPLANTSBone marrow• Replace damaged bone marrows• Can be done by umbilical cord blood transplant
o Stem cells are taken from baby and stored
Kidney*• Usually does not endanger the donor or receiver• Conducted in the case of kidney failure
Liver*• Conducted for patients with cancer or liver hardening
*Liver and kidney can also be transplanted post-mortem
POST-MORTEM TRANSPLANTS - 1
Heart • Conducted when patient has severe
coronary artery disease/heart failure
Corneas*• Conducted when patient's cornea(s) can
no longer be healed by medicine
Cardiovascular Homograft • Conducted when patient has faulty windpipe/ heart
valves /blood vessels*Corneas can be also transplanted live
Did You Know?The youngest donor of corneas is ten year old Janis Babson!
Post-Mortem TRANSPLANTS - 2
Pancreas*• Conducted when patient has diabetes (usually insulin-dependent)
INtestines• If patient develops life-threatening symptoms from
feeding through special drip• Rarely done
*Pancreas can be transplanted live, though rarely
Post-Mortem Transplants - 3
Lungs• Done when patient has exhausted other therapies• Cure for diseased lungs• Improve /extend lives of patients with respiratory failure • Usually fail after 3 to 5 years
Skin (Grafting)
• In the scenario of severe burns/infections causing excessive skin loss
• Can be taken from animals/patient's skin
BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT
• The bone marrow is a tissue which contains many stem cells
• The bone marrow being transplanted needs to be suitable for the patient
• Stem cells are immature cells that can replace blood cells Did You Know?
A half suitable bone marrow has successfully been transplanted and has cured leukaemia!
Bone Marrow Transplant
METHODS
1. Stem cells from donor's bone marrow replace damaged patient's bone marrow
2. Stem cells are taken after birth and stored till needed
3. Stem cells are transferred to the patient along with chemo/radiotherapy
BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT
NEEDED TO:
• Replace damaged bone marrow
with part of a healthy functioning
bone marrow
• Regenerate a new immune system
that will fight cancers/diseases
BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT
COMPLICATIONS ON RECIPIENTS
• Rashesv
• Vomiting
• Hair loss
• Change in skin pigmentation
• May be rendered infertile
• Weak immune system - more prone to infections
• Contraction of cataracts (clouding of lens of eye)
BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT
COMPLICATIONS ON RECIPIENT
Graft versus Host Disease (GVhD)• 2 types - Acute and Chronic
o Acute: immediate side effecto Chronic: developed from acute GVhD
• Caused by donor's cells fighting the host's cells
• Different severity - From mild to life-threatening
Did You Know?GVhD can help to destroy remaining cancer cells!
BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT
COMPLICATIONS ON DONOR
• Fatigue
• Lower back pain
• Bleeding at collection spot
• Stiffness when walking
• Muscle aches
• Drug risks
BONE MARROW TRANSPLANT
BENEFITS
• Certain cancers, such as leukaemia can be cured
• Provides a new immune system for patients to better fight diseases
• Able to cure diseases that affect production of stem cells
• Able to restore bone marrow damaged by chemotherapy
Technology
ADVANTAGES TO MAN
1. Higher chance of curing diseases2. Invention of vaccines3. More flexibility for treatments for
patients
4. Machines provide faster treatment
Technology
DISADVANTAGES TO MAN
1. Requires high funding
2. Can cause humans to be over-dependent on it and believe that it can cure any illness.
IMPACTS ON ENVIRONMENT
NEGATIVE
• Technology used requires electricity - burning fossil fuels
• Life expectancy goes up - Over population
*Note: There are no positive impacts on environment (which is saddening)
Conclusion
Having bore the negative and positive points of technology, we have come to a
conclusion. While technology is ubiquitous and necessary in our daily
lives, it can lead to negative consequences if used inappropriately.
Thank You for your kind attention.
We hope you have learnt something from today's
presentation.
THE END