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Male’ Declaration Male’ Declaration
by Secretariat
UNEP
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CONTENTS
Air Pollution Air Pollution
Male’ DeclarationMale’ Declaration
Implementation of Male’ DeclarationImplementation of Male’ Declaration
Existing Regional CooperationExisting Regional Cooperation
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Air PollutionAir Pollution
PM
Premature mortality, lung, potential effects on heart
SO2
Respiratory, possible mortality effects
O3
NOx
Pb
Nervous system, brain
Respiratory system
Respiratory system
NOx PbO3 SO2PM
Circulatory system, heart
CO
CO
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Health Impact
SO2 ,SPMNOx ,Lead
CO
Industrial AerosolSO2 ,CO2 ,NO2, H2SO4
SPM, HCL, CO, NO
Aerosol from Transport & ConstructionNOx ,CO,HC, Lead, SPM
Background Aerosolsea salt oxidation ofsulphur containinggases, some organics
O2
CO2
Aerosol from Deforestation & BurningCO2 ,CO,N2O, NOx ,CH4
STRATOSPHEREStratospheric Ozone Depletion
CFC, HCFCHalon
TROPOSPHERE
Global WarmingGHG(CO2 ,CH4 , N2O,CO, NOx)
Wet Deposition
SO2
NOx
Atmospheric Transport
Soil leaching & Runoff
• Affects Soil Chemistryand Biology
• Affects Water Biology and Chemistry
•Affects materials•Affects plants
Acid Rain
Domestic AerosolCFC,HCFC,Halon, CH4,CO2
Dry Deposition
Transboundary Air PollutionTransboundary Air Pollution
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Existing Regional Cooperation in Asia
GMS
ASEAN: Haze agreement
East Asia: EANET
South Asia: Male’ Declaration
Central Asia: Environment Convention
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Male’ Declaration: Concept
Where we want to be?Clean air
Steps• Awareness among policy makers
• Capacity building and development of science
• Information for control and prevention of air pollution
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Malé Declaration: Policy Dialogue
Main Aims
Create a broader dialogue of the air pollution issues in Asia
Promote the policy cycle in South Asia by:
(I) re-affirmation that transboundry air pollution is a priority issue for South Asia;
(ii) agreeing upon a draft action plan for inter-governmental activities at the policy dialogue.
Participants
Target countries for the phase I (South Asia)BangladeshIndiaNepalPakistanSri LankaADB, ASEAN,SACEPAIT, ERTCSida, SEI, UNEP
POLICY DIALOGUE ON REGIONAL AIR POLLUTION ISSUES19-20 March 1998, UNEP RRC.AP, Bangkok, Thailand
Composition
Policy MakersScientists
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Malé Declaration: Adoption
Adopted at SACEP GC Held on 22 April 1998 in Malé, Maldives. Inaugurated by His Excellency Mr. Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, President of Maldives
Attended by ministers and high level policy makers from South Asian Environment ministries.
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Male’ Declaration Implementation
PSIR Model
Social responses(decisions-actions)
Information Information
Social responses(decisions-actions)
PRESSURE
Human Activitiesand Impacts
(Emissions from Power Plants)
STATE/IMPACT
State or Conditionof the Environment
(Concentration of SO2)
RESPONSE
Legal, financial Technical measures
(Introduce low s coal)
Pressures
Resources
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PHASE I: Implementation
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Malé Declaration: Phase I Implementation
Network Establishment
Baseline Studies
Action Plans
Sub-regional Action Plan
Identification of NEAsEstablishment of NEAs
Network&Database of Experts/Institutions
Guidelines for the Baseline StudiesPreparation of Baseline StudiesBaseline Studies & Database
National Action Plan
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Malé Declaration: National Implementing Agencies
Bhutan
Nepal
Bangladesh
Sri Lanka
Iran
Pakistan
India
Maldives
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•Network
•Baseline Studies & DB
•National Action Plan
•Subregional Action Plan
Baseline information and National Action Plans
NATIONAL
Action Plan
SUBREGION
Action Plan
DB
Background for the phase II implementation
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PHASE II: Implementation
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Capacity building: Equipment Details
Technical Manual
Training materials
Equipments (site and lab)
Consumables (site and lab)TRAINING MATERIALS TRAINING MATERIALS
ONONMONITORINGMONITORING
TRANSBOUNDARY AIR TRANSBOUNDARY AIR POLLUTIONPOLLUTION
Malé Declaration on Control and Prevention of Air Pollution and Its Likely Transboundary
Effects for South Asia
June 2003
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Capacity building: Equipment Details
HVS Diffusive Wet only Col. Bulk Col.
IVL
PM10 SO2 NOxEC pH
SO2 NO2
Sampling
Analysis
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Monitoring
Hanimaadu
Anuradaphura
Abadan
Port Canning Suntharban
Geliphu
Narowal
Chitwan
Trained national institutions. Established monitoring stations.
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Capacity building: Regional Training Programs
• To familiarize the participants on analyzing rainwater for anions and cations
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Stakeholder’s participation
National Stakeholder meeting was held in Maldives
National Stakeholder meeting was held in Delhi on 24 September 2002.
Regional Stakeholder’s Forum 8 Oct 03; Dhaka, Bangladesh
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PHASE III: Implementation
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• Strengthen the regional cooperation and stakeholders participation under the Malé Declaration;
• Strengthen the capacity building programmes initiated during Phase II;
• Enhance the capacity of NIAs on emission inventory development and Integrated Assessment Modeling
• Enhance the analytical and impact assessment capability at the national level through integration of findings from local pollution studies and conducting assessment studies;
• Provide decision support information for policy formulation and air pollution prevention ; and
• Raise awareness for action through targeted dissemination
IG 6; October 2004, Tehran, Iran
Phase III Objectives
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Intergovernmental Meeting (NFP and NIA)
Technical Committee (MoC, SEI, UNEP RRCAP)
Technical Center on monitoring dry Deposition
Technical Center on Monitoring Wet Deposition
Technical Center on Soil Impact
Technical Center on Vegetation Impact
Technical Center on Corrosion Impact
Technical Center on Health Impact
Regional Stakeholders Forum(Universities, NGOs, youth groups, relevant initiatives in South Asia)
Secretariat for Male’ Declaration (UNEP RRCAP)
National Focal Points (NFP) National Implementing Agencies (NIA)
National Stakeholders Forum (Universities, NGOs, youth groups)
ORGANIZATIONAL CHART OF MALE’ DECLARATION
Member States
National Centers for impact assessment
Sub-regional partners (SACEP and SAARC)
Technical Center on Pollution reduction / strategies
Technical Center on Emission inventory and modelling
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• Regional Training Programme • Fourth Regional training programme: - introduced the QA/QC; - Provided recommendations for the
review of monitoring methods
Regional Training Programme; March 2006, RRCAP, Bangkok
Ob2: Capacity Building on Monitoring …
• National Training programmes
• Four technical personnel from the Department of Meteorology and eight technical personnel from Pak-EPA were trained on sampling and analysis of air pollutants.
• Nine technical personnel from DoE, Bangladesh were trained on operating AAS
In-country February 2006; Kulna,
Bangladesh
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• Central compilation, evaluation, and storage of data
• Data report 2005/06
• Regional data base is available online for the NIAs: www.rrcap.unep.org/md/
RegionalDB
Monitoring site
National Database
Ob2: Capacity Building on Monitoring …
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3 Training workshops on emission inventory, scenario development, and Integrated modeling (July 06; Feb 07; Jan 08)
• Emissions inventory manual
accompanied by a workbook (Excel) for compilation
• Input for the development of a comprehensive manual for the development of emission scenarios
• An integrated information and assessment system (IIAS) and Users’ Manual
Training workshop; July 2006, RRCAP
Ob3: Capacity Building on Inventory and Modeling
Integrated Information and Assessment
System (IIAS)
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Focus areas
• Strengthen knowledge on human health impact assessment
• Strengthen knowledge on crops impact assessment
• Strengthen knowledge on corrosion impact assessment
Ob4. Capacity Building on Impact Assessment
Case studies in selected countries
Methodology
Regional Level Training
Regional level discussion of the results
Dissemination
Objective: Enhance the analytical and impact assessment capability at the national level through integration of findings from local pollution studies and conducting assessment studies
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Ob4 Impact: Rapid Urban Assessment
National Training on Rapid Urban Assessment; Novermber 2006
• The training help the participants to understand the RUA methodology and its application to Kathmandu valley.
Case studyKathmandu, Nepla
National Training Programme in Nepal; November 2006
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Ob4 Impact: Health
Regional Training on Health Impact Assessment; February 2007
• Relationship between air quality and health in the participating countries of Malé Declaration
• Implementation of technical measures
• policies which can effectively prevent and reduce the impact of air pollution on health.
• Assist participants to conduct assessments of the health effects of air pollution in their cities.
Case studyDhaka, Bangladesh
Regional Training on Health Impact; February 2007, RRCAP, Bangkok
School Teachers and Childen participating in the health impact assessment study, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Ob4 Impact: Corrosion
Regional Training
Basic theoretical concepts
Technical hands-on training
Evaluation of corrosion attacks of acid deposition on a wide range of materials, ranging from zinc and carbon steel to the stones
Case studyTehran, Iran
Agra, India
Kathmandu, Nepal
Colombo, Sri Lanka
Regional Training on Corrosion Impact Assessment; October 2006, RRCAP, Bangkok
Corrosion monitoring track installed in Kathmandu, Nepal
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Ob4 Impact: Crop
Case Studies are being implemented in the following countries:
• Bangladesh
• India
• Nepal
• Pakistan
• Sri LankaClover plant planted at the BAU campus to detect the impacts of air pollutants on crop
Training • Crop impact assessment training
programme; August 2007 in Bangladesh
Dr. C. S. Karim, Hon’ble advisor, Ministry of Environment & Forest, Agriculture, Fisheries & Livestock, Bangladesh answering the media questions on Male’ Declaration
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(ii) Good practices
• Identify the areas for pollution control and abatement in each of the participating countries;
• Collate success stories (for pollution control and abetment);
• Dissemination of success stories in the participating countries.
Ob5: Decision Support Information
Eco village was opened by the President of Sri Lanka in March 2006
(i) Technical support for demonstration
• Provided technical
support for an eco-village demonstration project
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(i) Publication on Male’ Declaration
• Draft was adopted the IG8• will be published in 2008
(ii) Newsletter and Brochure
• To disseminate Malé Declaration related information to the public and stakeholders.
• The content of the newsletter has largely been reports on the network’s activities
(iv) Networking with youths
• South Asia Youth Environment Network (SAYEN) is participating in the awareness activities.
Ob6. Rise Awareness
(v) National Level Awareness- Bangladesh•TV programmes•Stage drama•Posters
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IG 9 Adopted plan for the next 3 years
Objectives1. Strengthen regional cooperation and move towards
development of a regional agreement;
2. Strengthen the air pollution monitoring network and conduct regular monitoring of high quality;
3. Enhance the impact assessment capacity of the national institutions and assess the impacts of air pollution in the participating countries;
4. Enhance the capacity of NIAs regarding emission inventory development, atmospheric transfer of pollutants and Integrated Assessment Modeling;
5. Assist the member countries of the Male’ Declaration with air pollution reduction policies
6. Raise awareness for action through targeted dissemination
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Global Atmospheric Pollution ForumGlobal Atmospheric Pollution Forum
Activities in AsiaGovernmental Meeting on Urban Air Quality Management in Asia
Yogyakarta Summary Long term vision on Urban Air Quality Management
Convene meetings of initiatives on regional air pollution
Closer co-operation and joint action among sub-regional networks in Asia
Technology transfer and methodology harmonization on monitoring, impact assessment, Inventory compilation
Standardized guidelines and joint programmes