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Making a Will - what you should know
Sarah Lennon
Inclusion Ireland
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Presentation Overview
• Introductions
• Why should I make a will?
• Components of a valid will
• Different considerations
• Assisted Decision Making Bill
• Questions
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Introductions
The Vision of Inclusion Ireland is that of
people with an intellectual disability living
and participating in the community with
equal rights as citizens, to live the life of
their choice to their fullest potential.
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Why Make a will
If you don't then you have died ‘intestate’ and
strict rules apply
You have no say in how your estate is divided
Verbal assurances may not have effect
Any wills you make doesn’t have to be final–
can be changed or altered
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Intestacy
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Do I need a solicitor?
Not technically needed
It is usual to hire a solicitor, especially if creating
trusts
Legal accuracy is important especially with trusts
Invalid wills means that the rules of intestacy kick
back in
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A Valid Will
• Must be in Writing and signed
• Must be witnessed (signature)
• You must be over 18 or have been married
• You must be of sound mind & free will
• 2 executors
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A Valid Will
• Must include your name and address,
• a statement revoking earlier wills included
• Statement naming executors
• A residuary clause (e.g. "The remainder of
my estate I leave to my son, Jack".
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Witnesses
• 2 required
• Must sign after you have signed
• May not receive a gift
• Their spouse may not receive a gift
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Executor
A person named in the will who has the job
of carrying out the terms of the will
Can benefit from will (unless they or their
spouses are witnesses)
Over 18
Sound Mind
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Do I have to leave my property to my children equally?
No
Any child who feels they were not treated
fairly can bring a court application
Must show proper provision wasn't made
Provision can include money given during
life time
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Challenging a will
• Generally 3 areas– Lack of Capacity (Sound Mind)
– Undue Influence (Pressure)
– Failure to provide for certain family members
• Application must be made to court
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Sound Mind
Have legal capacity
Understand that you are making a will
Only mental state of person at time they
made will – not at a later stage
Ward of Court cannot make a will
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Undue Influence
• Where the relationship between two
people allows advantage to be taken of a
person
• A decision is taken on foot of that pressure
• Types of relationship – parent, spouse,
solicitor, doctor etc.
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Providing for Family Members
• ‘Moral Duty’ – cannot disinherit children or spouse /
civil partner
• 6 months limit on challenges
• Consider the will and any previous gifts
• Children inside and outside marriage
• Co-habitees have no legal right but a ‘qualified
cohabiter’ may apply to the court
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Capital Acquisition Tax• Gifts are tax free up to a certain amount depending on the
relationship
• After 6 December 2012 - Threshold amount Nil & Balance 33%
• Spouse & Civil Partner are exempt
• Group A – Children - €225,000
• Group B – Parents (can be group A), Grandparents,
Grandchildren, Siblings, Nieces & Nephews - €30,150
• Group C – All other relatives €15,075
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Disability Allowance
• Means test looks at all your capital, for
example, the value of savings,
investments, shares, any property you
may have (other than your own home).
• The first €50,000 of any capital you have
is not taken into account.
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Disability Allowance
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Discretionary Trust
• ‘discretionary’
• May be useful for a person who is
receiving a social welfare payment
• Indirect provision
• Other uses and assurances
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Discretionary Trust
Has Tax benefits
Helps preserve state benefits
Person only has a life-interest in trust fund
Important that payments are periodic –
regular payments seen as maintenance /
income
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Trust Funds
Can be done while living or through a will
Letter of wishes can accompany the trust
document Not binding
Clear guidelines or priorities for trustees
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Trustees
• ‘Trust’
• Significant responsibility
• Trustees have secondary liability for tax
• Consider who and how many
• Discuss role
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Trust Tax
• Discretionary trust tax (6% initial, 1% annual)
• Trustees must notify the revenue
commissioners & self-assess
• Exemptions – Children (until they turn 21)
– Incapacitated persons
– Public/charitable
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Trustees
Who should be a trustee?
“Trust”
Age Profile
Consider 3
Professional or Family
Discuss
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Guardianship
Where a child – under 18 - testamentary
guardian
Where an adult – over 18 – guardiansip
not possible
Ward of Court is only adult Guardianship
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Ward of Court
1871 – outdated
Restrictive, travel etc.
Anyone can apply, solicitors, family
members, doctors, HSE
Committee is appointed for personal or
financial decisions
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Assisted Decision Making Bill
• No longer Ward of Court
• Office of the Public Guardian
• Various Structures
– Assisted Decision Making
– Co-Decision Makers
– Personal Representative
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How will Decisions be Made?
1. by the person autonomously
2. By the person with assistance
3. Informally by another person
4. By the person with a co-decision
maker
5. By another person
(representative or attorney)
Outside of the Court System
Through the Court System
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Wards of Court
• Everyone who was a ward before the Act will be reviewed
within 3 years but can apply to court for review as soon as
the Act is passed
• Everyone who was a ward will be discharged eventually,
and a different order will be made (e.g. co decision-making
or representative) but the court will decide when this will
happen and will base this on the person’s capacity
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Summary
• Dying without a will – Intestacy
• With a will – there are certain restrictions
• Trust Funds & Trustees
• Assisted Decision Making Bill
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Thank You
• Q&A