Mahmud of Ghazni and Mohammad of GhurLesson - 2ThenameTurkwasfirstapplied toaclanoftribalchieftainswho foundedthenomadicGktrk Empire(presentTurkey").These nomadsroamedintheltai !ountainsinnorthern!on"olia andonthesteppesof#entral sia. The Gktrks were ruled by $hanswhoseinfluences e%tendeddurin"thesi%thto ei"hth centuries from the ral &ea to the 'indu $ushCities of Ghazni and Ghur( )n the *th century rab Empire started disinte"ratin" and declined.( Two kin"doms emer"ed prominent+ the two cities of Gha,ni and Ghur which are in present day f"hanistan.(The rulers of these two kin"doms in-aded and plundered the )ndian &ubcontinentin the ..th and ./th centuries.(0y the .1th and ..th century the 2orth )ndia had disinte"rated into many small kin"doms which "a-e hu"e ad-anta"e to these rulers.(These attacks were done to finance their ambition of e%pandin" their empire.Mahmud of Ghazni ( AD 971-1030)(fter the decline of bbasid dynasty &ubukti"in a Turkish noble ac3uired the ad4oinin" parts of Gha,ni.('is son !ahmud wanted to achie-e the "lory of the "reatest con3ueror of the world.('e had heard about the wealth of the )ndo5 Gan"etic plains.('e attacked and plundered 2orth )ndia .6 times from 7 .11. to .1/8.('e belie-ed in the 4ihad (holy war which will lead to hea-en) and plunderin" the re"ion.('e looted the rich temples and trade centers e." &iestan and !ultan.('e also fou"ht with the rulers of Ghur to establish is superiority.LIST OF INVASIONS()n 7 .11. he attacked 9un4ab+ :44ain+ Gwalior+ $alin"a+ $anau4 and 7elhi.('e also attacked and raided rich cities and towns like 2a"arkot+ !ultan+ lwar+ Thaneshwar+ !athura and &omnath.SOMNAT T!M"L!;hen !ahmudirdausi recei-ed his patrona"e.>irdausi wrote the "reat epic ? &hahnama. l50eruni spent .1 years and wrote a book describin" )ndia called Tah3i35i5'ind.D!AT OF MAM#D OF GA$NI(0efore !ahmud died he anne%ed 9un4ab.('e died in 7 .1=1.'is death brou"ht an end to his empire and the fre3uent raids to the )ndian sub5continent.('e was truly a warrior more than a man of faith.('eusedthewealthplunderedfromthe templestoprotecthisempirefromthe e%pandin" kin"doms of #entral sia.Mohammad of Ghu%( fter a "ap of .81 years in 7..68 !ohamad of Ghur a turkish ruler of a small kin"dom in f"hanistan attacked the )ndian sub5continent.('e was also called!ohammad.Ghori.(The in-asion laid the foundation of the Turko5f"han rule in )ndia.(!ohammad Ghori attacked the fi-e @a4putkin"doms.5(The @athore of $anua4(The #huahans of 7elhi and 4mer.(The &olankis of Gu4arat (The 9armaras of !alwar(The #handellas of 0undlekhand MOAMMAD GO&I'S (ON)#!ST()n 7 ..68+ he captured !ultan.(Aater he defeated the &olanki of Gu4arat.('e con3uered 9eshawar+ &ialkot and 9un4ab()n the >irst 0attle of Tarain !ohammad Ghori defeated 9rith-ira4 #hauhan but he narrowly escaped from bein" killed.()n the &econd 0attle of Tarain he defeated 9rith-ira4.(Aater he also defeated Baichand of the ruler of $anua4 in 7 ..*C(The &econd 0attle of Tarain put an end to the @a4put 7ynasty.)u*+-ud-din Ai+a,( !ohammad Ghori appointed his faithful "eneral Dutb5ud5aibak as the "o-ernor o-er his territory.( Dutb5ud5din ? aibak further defeated the empires of !athura+ Gwalior+ 0undelkhand and !alwa.(nother "eneral 0akhtiar $hal4i con3uered 0en"al and 0ihar.D!AT OF MOAMMAD GO&I(!ohammad Ghori died while tryin" to suppress the re-olt of the $hokhars.('e did not ha-e any son+ so his "o-ernors became independent rulers.(>i"ht for power broke out amon" these "o-ernors and Dutb5ub5din aibak asserted his supremacy.(This is laid the foundation of the Turko5f"han rule in )ndia.Mahamud of GhazniMohammad GhoriTo loot and plunder India To set up an empire.Did not appoint governorsAppointed faithful generals who continued to expand the kingdomDIFF!&!N(! -!T.!!NCAUSES OF THE SUCCESS OF INVASIONTh/%/ 0/%/ num+/% of %/a1on1 *ha* 2/d *o *h/ d/f/a* of *h/ &a34u*15.. ;eak war machinery5 &low mo-in" elephants Es "uerilla warriors./. Bealousy and hatred5 9rith-ira4 #hauhan and Baichand =. >eudatory nature of the society ? no standin" army.F. >i"htin" between the feudal lords.8. Aacked -i"our and determination.G. 2o outstandin" leader.Im4a6* of *h/ %aid15()ntermin"lin" of cultures. ?lot to "i-e and take between 'indu and !uslim culture.(&harin" of knowled"e.(#omposite culture5 manifested in architecture+ lan"ua"e+ music and food.(!i"ration of lar"e number of people5soldiers+ traders+ workers.(Aaid the foundation of the sla-e dynasty.&!(A"MAM#D OF GA$NI(1001-1078)-A(9G&O#ND(@ise of empire in central sia(Encoura"ed 9ersian culture e-en thou"h he was Turk.(Aooted and plundered )ndia to accumulate resources.(9atroni,ed art+ architecture and literature.5 l5beruni and >irdausi.(2ot interested in buildin" an empire in )ndia. A&!AS OV!&&AN(&iestan+ !ultan and important tradin" centers in lower )ndus. (@ich temples of north5west.(9un4ab+ :44ain+ $alin"a+ $anau4+ 7elhi+ Gu4arat.Mohammad of Ghu%(1178-170:)(AM"AIGN (>ou"ht fi-e ra4put kin"doms5 @athors+#hauhans+ &olankis+ 9aramars+ #handellas(>ou"ht two battles at Tarain a"ainst 9rith-ira4 #hauhan5won the second battle.(ppointed Dutb5ud5din5aibk as "o-ernor of indian pro-inces.($illed by rebels in ./1G(ONS!)#!N(!S(Turkish rule e%tended to Gan"a5Hamuna ?7oab(&uppression of @a4puts and other smaller kin"doms.(7elhi &ultanate established by ibk after !ohammad Ghori.()ntermin"lin" and emer"ence of )ndo5 )slamicculture.