Download - Macromineral
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BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS: It maintains Intracellular Osmotic pressure,acid
base balance. Involves in cardiac & skeletal muscle activities,
Mainly K+ required in depolarization & contraction of Heart.
Involved proper transmission of Nerve Impulses. Pyruvate kinase(of glycolysis) needs K+. Involved in Biosynthesis of proteins.
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Absorption is efficient(90%). Normal Serum Potassium 3.5 – 5 meq/L (Cell
contain 100 – 120 meq/L). Excretion is through urine, during absorption
of Na+ there is obligatory loss of K+, Aldosterone increases K+ excretion.
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DAILY REQUIREMENT AND SOURCES Potassium Total body potassium is 3500 meq
75% in skeletal muscle. Daily requirement 3-4 gm/day Banana, Orange, Potato, beans, Liver etc.
Rich Source is Tender coconut water.
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Hypokalemia Serum K+ less than 3 meq/L Cushing syndrome Renal tubular acidosis. Metabolic alkalosis, Diarrhea & vomiting In Diabetic coma treatment with Insulin &
Glucose Diuretics. Muscle weakness, Tachycardia ,Cardiac arrest.
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Hyperkalemia Renal failure Addison’s disease Severe dehydration. Intravenous administration of fluids with
excessive potassium salts. Depression of CNS, Bradycardia.
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The adult body contains about 20g magnesium.
70% is present in bones and 30% in soft tissue and body fluids.
2-3mg/dl 350mg/day Cereals,nuts beans,vegetables,meat milk and
fruits.
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BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS. Bones and teeth Cofactor for enzymes requiring
ATP,Hexokinase,glucokinase,phosphofructokinase,adenylate cyclase etc.
Neuromuscular function.
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ABSORPTION. Specific carrier system Large amounts of calcium,phosphate and
alcohol diminish Mg absorption.
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Mostly organic form. Methionine,cysteine.cystin. Proteins contain about 1% sulfur by weight.
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BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTIONS. Structural conformation and biological function
of proteins.The disulfide linkages (-S-S-) and sulfhydral groups(-SH). Thiamin,biotin,lipoic acid,pantathenic acid. Heparin,Chondroitin
sulphate,glutathione,taurocholic acid etc, PAPS in the synthesis of
glycosaminoglycans,detoxification mechanism. S-adenosylmethionine in transmethylation
reactions.
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EXCRETION Oxidized to sulfate in the liver and excreted in
urine. Inorganic sulfate(80%),organic or conjugated
or etheral sulfate(10%) and unoxidized (10%). The unoxidized sulpfur is in the form of sulfur
containing aminoacids and thiocynates.