Download - Lymphatic filariasis
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Lymphatic filariasis
Elephantiasis
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Lymphatic filariasis is widespread and infects 120 million people
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Lymphatic filariasis mainly affects tropical parts of the developing world.
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It is caused by the nematode Wuchereria bancrofti
◦ responsible for 90% of the cases
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It is transmitted by mosquitos of several genera.
◦Culex◦Anopheles◦Aedes
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Humans and mosquitos are the 2 hosts of the parasites.
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Asymptomatic
Acute
Chronic
There are three types of infection.
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Acute filariasis involves local inflammation of skin, lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes.
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The chronic disease results in Lymphedema and Elephantiasis
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Several studies suggest that the body’s immune response to the pathogen causes the most harm.
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The only way to diagnose the disease is to identify microfilariae or adult worms in a patients blood using a microscope.
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The drug of choice in treating lymphatic filariasis is diethylcarbamazine (DEC).
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There is not thought to be a problem with resistance to DEC.
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WHO’s Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis has greatly increased treatment and decreased transmission by 43%.
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There is a large social stigma against those with elephantiasis in many countries.
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ReferencesEberhard, Mark L., Patrick J. Lammie, Charlotte M. Dickinson, and Jacqueline M. Roberts. "Evidence of Nonsusceptibility to Diethylcarbamazine in Wucheria Bancrofti." The Journal of Infectious Diseases, May 1991. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. <http://www.jstor.org/stable/30132517?seq=1>. Heeren, Dan. "Elephantiasis." Davidson College, 2006. Web. 02 Apr. 2012. <http://www.bio.davidson.edu/courses/immunology/Students/spring2006/Heeren/ele ph.html>. King CL, Kumaraswami V, Poindexter RW, Kumari S, Jayara-man K, Alling DW, Ottesen EA, Nutman TB. “Immunologic tol-erance in lymphatic filariasis. Diminished parasite-specific T and B lymphocyte precursor frequency in the microfilaremic state.” J Clin Invest. 1992 May;89(5):1403–1410. "Lymphatic Filariasis: Causes." Better Medicine, 2011. Web. 02 Apr. 2012. <http://www.localhealth.com/article/lymphatic-filariasis/causes>. "Lymphatic Filariasis." WHO. Jan. 2012. Web. 02 Apr. 2012. <http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs102/en/>. Wynd, Shona, Wayne D. Melrose, David N. Durheim, Jaime Carron, and Margaret Gyapong. "Understanding the Community Impact of Lymphatic Filariasis: A Review of the Sociocultural Literature." WHO. June 2007. Web. 02 Apr. 2012. <http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/85/6/06-031047/en/index.html>.