LORETA Z SCORE BIOFEEDBACK CONFERENCE
Cancun – Mexico
May 2012
History, Principles and Future Perspectives
ANI
1994 – Concept2003 – 1st DLL2006 – 1st distribution2009 – SCL-(linkage)2010 - LORETA Zs
BMr2006
TT2006
Deymed2007
Mind Media2008
Neurofield2011
Neuroguide2009
Z Score EEG Biofeedback – History and Future Plans
OthersNeruonspecMitsarANIOthers
1 to 19channels
1 to 19channels
1 – 4 channels
1 – 4 channels
1 – 19& LORETAZ Score NFB
X
X
Sine
Cos
LPF
LPF
X
X
Sine
Cos
LPF
LPF
2
1
2
1iba ++++
2
2
2
2iba ++++
Instantaneous Power
InstantaneousCoherence
&Phase Difference
Complex Demodulation
AmplifierA/D
ConvComputer
Variable &Threshold
Video &SoundControl
Display-Sound
AmplifierA/D
ConvComputer
Variable &Threshold
Video &SoundControl
Display-Sound
Standard EEG
Neurofeedback
Real-Time or “Live”
Z Score Neurofeedback
Z Score‘DLL’
Difference Between Standard Neurofeedback vs Z Score Neurofeedback
Feedback
Feedback
Raw or Processed EEG valuesThreshold is ‘Unknown’
Move Z toward 0
1- Metric, i.e., a ‘Z’ Score2- Threshold toward ‘0’3- Instantaneous Comparison
to a normative database
1- Apples & Organges2- Arbitrary Threshold3- No reference to Guide NF
0
80
40
20
60
1960 2000
Conventional Non-QEEG Guided NF
QEEG Guided NF
Link Symptoms to
Functional Systems in Brain
Better Clinical Outcome & Fewer Sessions
Future
EE
G &
Ad
here
nce o
f O
pera
nt
Co
nd
itio
nin
g R
ule
s
Fox & RudelllRosenfeld & FoxRudel & FoxSterman
Wyrwicka
Kamia
Othmer
1920 1940 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 20201900
Thorndyke Skinner KnoxJasper
QEEGZ ScoreNorms1994
LiveZ Scores2006
LORETAZ ScoreNFB
Dark Ages Grey Ages
Renaissance Age
Principles1- Specificity of EEG Event (E) = Neural State Interval (I)
2- Contiguity Window ( C) = Time period preceding and following a E
3- Contingency of Reward Signal (S) = Feedback signal time locked to E
4- Reward Strength ( R) = Value of the reward if N successes occur in an interval of time, e.g., toys, candy,
cookies, money, etc.
Ordinal or Nominal measureReward Strength (R)
Feedback signal time locked to E
(msec)
Contingency of Reward Signal (S)
Time preceding/following E (msec –
sec)
Contiguity Window (C)
Z Scores and Brodmann areas linked
to symptomsSpecificity of EEG Event (E)
Principles of EEG Operant Conditioning and Z Score Biofeedback
Category Measurement
Clin
ical
Ou
tco
me
5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 450
LORETA Z Score *Single Session Capability
Medication
Standard Surface
NFB2-4 Channel
Z Score NF
Number of Sessions
Increased Specificity = Improved Clinical Outcome with Fewer Sessions
* Combine with Neurofield in
cases to reset or “unstick” the brain
Consciousness vs Anesthesia Unconsciousness
Wake State & LORETA Coherence
Sleep & LORETA Coherence