Download - Long-Life Pavements Concepts and Lab Testing
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Long-Life PavementsConcepts and Lab Testing
Pre-bid MeetingSolano 80 04-4A0104
James M. SignoreOakland, CA9/14/2012
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Presentation Overview• Long Life Pavement (LLP)
What it is? What are the benefits?
• Recent California Experience I-5 in Red Bluff and Weed
• What to Anticipate Specimen Preparation & Lab
Testing
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Long Life Pavement – What is it?
• Design Life 40+ years• Bottom-Up Design and
Construction• Renewable Pavement Surface
• High Rutting and Cracking Resistance
• Smooth and Safe Driving Surface
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Long Life Pavement – What is it?
RepeatedBending
Leads toFatigue Cracking
RepeatedDeformation
Leads toRutting
HMA
Base
Subgrade
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Long Life Pavement What are the Benefits?
• Lower Life Cycle Cost Better Use of Resources Low Incremental Costs for
Surface Renewal• Lower User Delay Cost
Fewer or Shorter Work Zone Periods for Future Maintenance
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Long Life Pavements in the US
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Structural Section – SOLANO 80
OGFCHMA w/ 15% Max. RAP
(PG 64-28PM)
HMA w/ 25% RAP (PG 64-10)
Geosynthetic Interlayer
Existing Pavement
2 Mix Designs
!!!
Leveling Course
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Project Considerations• Materials Selection &
Testing• Structural Design• Specs• Construction
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Recent Projects• Weed I-5 D2• Red Bluff I-5 D2
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Structural Section – Weed
HMA w/ 15% Max. RAP (PG 64-28PM)
HMA w/ 25% RAP (PG 64-16)
HMA w/ 25% RAP (PG 64-16) (leveling
course)
2 Mix Designs
!!!NTS
Existing Cracked & Seated PCC or HMA
SAMI*
* Asphalt Rubber Seal Coat
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Structural Section – Red Bluff
OGFCHMA w/ 15% Max. RAP
(PG 64-28PM)
HMA w/ 25% RAP (PG 64-10)
HMA-Rich Bottom (PG 64-10)
CTB-Existing
Agg Subbase & Subgrade
3 Mix Designs
!!!NTS
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What to Anticipate Solano 80
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Mix Design based on “Mechanistic” Lab
Testing• Hveem (CT 366) • Shear Testing (T-320)• Fatigue Testing (T-321)• Hamburg WT (T-324)• Mix must meet performance
requirements in Special Provisions
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Modified (Mechanistic) Mix Design Process
Establish target binder content with Hveem (CT 366)
Performance Testing 1. Shear testing at target binder content ±
X2. Select design binder content based on
shear test results3. At design binder content
Fatigue Hamburg Wheel Track (HWT)
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Modified Mix Design Flow Chart
HVEEM Mix Design for Target “OBCH”
SHEAR Testing to determine “OBCS” 3 specimens prepared and tested at HBC + 3 more each @ +/- X Total of 9 specimens per mix (3 x 3BC)
SELECT OBC based on SHEAR test resultsFATIGUE Testing @ OBCSFlexural Fatigue – 20C, 2 levels of strain (bending) – 6 Total (6 x 1BC)Flexural Stiffness - 20C & 30C – 6 Total (6 x 1BC)Spare beams recommended – 14 Total if possible
HWTD testing @ SOBC – 1 Test, 50C, 4 cores
If Fail Te
sting
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Modified Mix Design Materials and Time
HVEEM to determine target BCSHEAR Cores are prepared firstTesting performed to determine “OBCS”Requires 3 x 3BC Cores (6 in. diameter x 2 in. tall)Cores are prepared with Rolling Wheel Compaction (RW)
OBC based on SHEAR test resultsFATIGUE Beams prepared after OBCS determined6 Flexural Fatigue (2 in. tall x 2.5 in. wide x 15 in. long)6 Flexural Stiffness (2 in. tall x 2.5 in. wide x 15 in. long)Beams are prepared with Rolling Wheel Compaction (RW)HWTD TestingCores are 6 in. diameter x 2.5 in. tall1 Test with 4 cores prepared with Superpave Gyratory (SGC)
Time Per Mix
3 wks
6 wks
1 wk
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Quantity of Materials Per Mix DesignCaltrans Project
Typical Long LifeHveem Mix Design(includes CT 371)
5 gal binder~500 lb aggregate
5 gal binder~500 lb aggregate
Performance Testing
(includes specimen fabrication)
10 gal binder~ 1,200 lb aggregate(Plant Mix Equivalent)
ShearFatigue
Hamburg
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SPECIMEN FABRICATIONShear & Fatigue
Caltrans LLP – AC2 “Sample Preparation Design and Testing for Long Life Hot Mix Asphalt Pavements”
AASHTO PP3-94 Rolling Wheel Compaction
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SPECIMEN FABRICATIONShear & Fatigue
• Beams and Cores cut from HMA Ingot (Example)
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SPECIMEN FABRICATIONShear & Fatigue
• Beams and Cores cut from HMA Ingot
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SPECIMEN FABRICATIONShear & Fatigue
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SPECIMEN FABRICATIONShear & Fatigue
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SPECIMEN FABRICATIONShear & Fatigue
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FATIGUE BEAMS
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FATIGUE BEAMS
Protection of Beams in transit/shipping is essential – no bending or flexing of packaging
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SPECIMEN FABRICATIONHamburg
• Superpave Gyratory Compactor
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SPECIMEN FABRICATIONHamburg
• Hamburg Testing Fixture – cut ‘flat’ on cores
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LABORATORY TESTING• SHEAR TESTING• FATIGUE TESTING• HAMBURG TESTING
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SHEAR TESTING
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SHEAR TESTING
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SHEAR CORE – Post TestNote Shear or “Slope” of specimen
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SHEAR TESTING
Perm
anen
t She
ar S
train
(PSS
) “R
uttin
g”
Cycles
Spec Minimum to pass
5% PSS
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FATIGUE TESTING
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FATIGUE TESTINGFl
exur
al S
tiffne
ss (F
S)
Cycles (millions)
Spec Minimum to pass
50% FS (typical)
Not to scale
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HAMBURG WHEEL TRACKING (Moisture
Sensitivity)
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HAMBURG WHEEL TRACKING (Moisture
Sensitivity)
Rut
Cycles
Theoretical
“Rut Resistant”
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HAMBURG WHEEL TRACKING (Moisture
Sensitivity)
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SPECIFICATIONS and Testing Variability
Design Parameters
Test
Method
Sample
Air Voids
Requirement
HMA (15% Max RAP, Long
Life)
HMA (25% RAP, Long Life)
Permanent deformation (min. stress repetitions)
AASHTO
T-320Modified
3% +/-0.3%
360,000
360,000
Beam Stiffness (psi)
At 20° C and 10 HzAt 30° C and 10 Hz
AASHTO T-321Modified
6% +/-0.3%
415,000 to 486,000
220,000 (min)
870,000 to 1,000,000
--
Fatigue (min. repetitions)
At 400x10-6 in./in. strainAt 200x10-6 in./in. strain
AASHTO T-321Modified
6% +/-0.3%
23,000,000345,000,000
25,000950,000
Moisture Sensitivity(min. repetitions)
AASHTOT-324
Modified
7% +/-
1%
12,000
12,000
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SPECIFICATIONS and Testing Variability
Specifications for Shear and Fatigue are statistically based
The specifications are based on the lowest 5 percentile expected from testing
Comparable mixes should pass this specification 95 out of 100 times
Limits are set low to accommodate large testing variability present in Shear and Fatigue Testing
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Stabilometer Variability
Based on these numbers, the 5th percentile is about 80% of the average (mean)
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Questions?
Acknowledgements:Rita Leahy, Professor Monismith, Caltrans
Staff