Download - Lisa Parkes
The Objective• Aimed to facilitate the product to market journey• Promoted alternative solutions • Long-term goal of increased choice in the low-
income home improvement market
The Winners
Embracing Informality and enabling incrementalism
in informal settlements
Challenge rationale
.Empathise: look
at the issue in a fresh way, gather insights by working with end-users.
Define: make sense of all the possibilities and develop a clear creative brief that frames the design challenge.
Develop/ ideate & test : concepts are created, prototyped, tested and iterated..
Deliver: resulting project (a product, service finalised, produced and launched
Research Streams• Needs analysis• Upgrading models• Financial / affordability• Challenge model / process
Research: Needs analysisUnderstanding user insights
Engagement at a glance
15 10 70 2515
Government Departments
DHS DEADP DEDAT DOP DPW COCT
CSO’s
CORC VPUU DAG PEP Habitat for
Humanity iKhayalami UBU SDI ISN FEDUP
Residents
Mtshini Wam Flamingo
Heights Monwabisi Park Phola Park Khayelitsha Site
B / C Santini, Mflueni Imizamo Yethu Sweet Homes
Farm Philippi Manenberg
Industry Members
Formal suppliers
Informal builders
Contractors Architects Tradesmen
African Centre for Cities
Bertha Centre Sustainability
Institute Academia Isandla GreenCape SLF African Centre
Affordable Housing finance
Researchers
Jan-June 2016- 6 months
Skills Development & Capacity Building
Sub-themes Key Concepts
Do it yourself home maintenance
• Protection from environmental challenges• Unique safe & comfortable home• Alternative materials / solutions
Contractors • Skills beyond building – passive design / architecture 101• Contracting and entrepreneurial/enterprise skills and support
Community leaders / Role of intermediary
• Contestation between leaders and rest of community• Community mobilisation capacity
Place-making
Quality dignified spaces • Homes and communities residents feel a part of• Learning about one’s home/community
Designing destinations • Community centres/resources• Livelihood support• Building local economies
“Permanence” & tenure • Certificate of residence• Usage rights• Feelings of ‘my’ home
Correct & Accessible Information
Sub-themes Key Concepts
Accessible & correct policy information
• Mistrust of government from confusing/mixed messages• Expectations of getting an RDP house• Entitlement / holding state hostage• Rules of building
Contractors & Traders • Contractors need more work opportunities• Local material supply chains
Financing options • Access to financing options• Instruments supporting incremental building• Financing options that go beyond cash
Upgrading Process
Emphasis on process • “Preject” of project / foster buy-in• Bottom up approaches• Context specific scalable/replicable
Best Practice • Community exchanges / horizontal learning• Show-case prototypes• Options beyond ‘re-blocking’
Upgrading Continuum • No clear beginning and end• What happens after upgrading? • Upgrading roadmap + stakeholders
3 11 205+ 25 50 155 + 50Streams Models Projects Countries ‘Paper’ ‘Practice’
‘Experts’
1) Paper2) Project3) Place
Research: Upgrading models Highlighting selected & appropriate precedent
…..‘Surfacing the outliers….Going beyond the typical precedent….Finding best practice.
Upgrading: Models
1 2 3 4 5
6 7 8 9 10 11
Material InnovationGreenlite Concrete
Top StructureElemental (Chile)
Tenure ProvisionEast Wahdat, Jordan
Self-help build and mutual aid projectsRoof Loan Scheme (Ghana)
Re-blockingFlamingo Crescent, Cape Town
Transitional housing/ post-disaster unitsSri Lanka Tsunami Shelters) (UNHCR
Community facilitation/ developmentSweet Home Farm
Community-led finance facilitiesCommunity Upgrading Finance Facility (CUFF)
Public InfrastructureImazamu Yethu, Hout Bay
Multi-scale InterventionsMedellin, Colombia
Site and ServiceHonduras
Observations
Key Concepts
1. Policy shifting away from dwelling centric provision to human settlement approach
2. Security of tenure is key.
3. Access to well-located land (opportunities) is key to how people see their situation.
4. The complete buy-in of Government, across all levels ( & responsive and pre-emptive).
5. Different upgrading options available: not just one solution for all.
6. Working with existing ‘social’ structures within community: build and strengthen those/ The need for a prototype to visualize and buy into idea and convince others who are sceptical.
7. Top structure solutions not the first priority: process.
8. Infrastructure and service provision: can be catalytic
9. Need for saving schemes.
Research: Financial & affordability
Profiling, value chain/ecosystem, benchmarking
Income, expenditure and affordability
Highlights: profiling research
Based on Stats SA (2011 Census, 2015 General Household Survey, National Credit Regulator data, Old Mutual 2015 Savings and Investment Survey, FinScope research, W. Cape Provincial Human Settlement Demand Profile 2015, City of Cape Town report, ISN map, )
Over 300,000 households living in informal dwellings in W. Cape - over
850 000 people
Over 230,000 households spend less than R400 a month on home maintenance and utilities(probably across all their dwellings) (2011)
Less than 40% (100,000) can access formal microfinancebecause of lack of formal employment/payslips; even less taking into account poor credit records and affordability
Very small percentage can access mortgages e.g. less than 200 mortgages approved for relevant income brackets in 2014 nationally - limited legal tenure, affordability vs. available stock of “bank compliant’ housing at suitable price, issues with 20 year commitment, high initiation and repossession costs
Approx 40% of these living in backyards; 60% in
informal settlements
Scale of market
Eligibility
Over 95% (270,000) have
household income below R6,400(with head of household between 18 and 59)
Observations
Key Concepts
Seems that most users are trying to retrofit services that were not designed for them…
Low income vs. high income Informal vs. formal Incremental vs. once-offCollective vs. individual decision-making, financial commitments, riskMultiple vs. single dwelling managementRelational vs. contractualExpect uncertainty vs. certaintySpoken/cellphone vs. online/writtenSelf-build/I self-manage/informal build vs. professional contractor build
Key insightsOpportunity Areas
1. Work streams in-line with organisations’ goals & Provincial frameworks
2. Accessible information process and precedent
3. Community leaders & contractor capacity building
4. Innovative financing models that go beyond cash
.
Vision TO CREATE AN ENABLING ENVIRONMENT FOR INCREMENTAL IMPROVEMENT/ INFORMAL SETTLEMENT UPGRADING
(incl placemaking)
Catalyst of change
Cross cutting stimulant
Finance: Accessibility & affordability
Skills & capacity building
Information & networking
Ownership & Use rights
Enablers
Value/ supply chain innovation
Land accessibility
& acquisition
Title/ tenure
Bulkinfrastructure
Home construction
Sales &
Transfer
Maintenance&
improvement
Social &
Economic infrastructure
Housing delivery value chain
• Identify actionable items that can feed into ISSP
• Reconvene with province • Agree on themes- ease and impact• Outline of a process for roll out• Share: NUSP and national • Launch
Next Steps
Thank youwww.betterlivingchallenge.co.za Facebook – The Better Living ChallengeTwitter – @TheBLChallenge
Lisa Parkes | Project Manager: Design Support
C +27 (0) 83 406 3298Switchboard + 27 (0)21 461 1488 ext 3628