iron ore EXTRACTION

heating in absence of air

reduction of the ore

removal of sulphur

removal of carbon

hematitemagnetite

bituminous coal

iron orecoke

limestone

molten ironmagnesium powder

molten ironoxygen

quicklime

carbon dioxide

carbon monoxidecarbon dioxideclacium silicate

magnesium sulphide

carbon monoxidecalcium silicatecalcium phosphate

mild steel

iron ore EXTRACTION

heating in absence of air

reduction of the ore

removal of sulphur

removal of carbon

ALLOY MELTING

Annealing

hematitemagnetite

bituminous coal

iron orecoke

limestone

molten ironmagnesium powder

molten ironoxygen

quicklime

molten ironchromium

nickel

stainless steel carbon dioxide

carbon monoxide

carbon dioxide

carbon monoxidecarbon dioxideclacium silicate

magnesium sulphide

carbon monoxidecalcium silicatecalcium phosphate

stainless steelaluminum ore EXTRACTION

bayer’s process

precipitation

heat

electrolysis

bauxite

crushed bauxitesodium hydroxide solution

sodium tetrahydroxoaluminatealuminum hydroxide

aluminum hydroxide

aluminum oxidecryolitecarbon

water

siliconleadtitaniumcalcium oxides

sodium hydroxide

carbon monoxidecarbon dioxide

aluminumcrude oil EXTRACTION

refined to naptha

electrolysis

steam cracking

thermal decomposition

polymerization

compounding

injection molding

shale

petroleum

rock salt

naptha (ethane, propane, butane)

chlorine gasethylene

copper (catalyst)

ethylene dichloridecopper (catalyst)

vinyl chloride monomer dioxin

pvc additives

pvc compound

voc emissions

mercuryhexachlorobenzenehexachloroethanepcboctachlorostyrene

polychlorinated dioxinsfuranspcbhexachloroethanehexachlorbutadiene

chloroformhexachlorobenzenephthalate (dehp)zinccopperdioxin

PVCcrude oil EXTRACTION

REFINED TO NAPTHA

reacting process

polymerization

expansion

layering

cutting

diisocyanatepolyol

polyisocyanateamine

metallic salt catalyst

polyurethanecarbon dioxide

polyurethanebaking paper

polyurethane foam foam

carbon dioxide

polyurethane

foamshale

petroleum voc emissions

rubber tapping

mixing

copolymerization

incomplete combustion

mixingremillingfinal mixing

rubber sap latex

latexacids

natural rubber

synthetic rubberbutadienestyrene

natural rubbersynthetic rubber

carbon blacksulfur

oil

crude oiloxygen

carbon blackcarbon dioxide

rubber

ASSEMBLY & PACKAGING

DISTRIBUTION

USE

carbon monoxidecarbon dioxide

gasoline

human power

TRANSPORTATION

BICYCLING

REUSELOCAL ENTREPRENEURWOMAN ENTREPRENEUR WOMAN ENTREPRENEURSAMARTH

SAMARTH

BICYCLE MANUFACTURERTAKE BACK PROGRAM

the bicycle manufacturer startsa bicycle take back program andtries to reuse/refurbish as manybicycles as possible.SAMARTH provides the

instruction package andthe user manual to thelocal entrepreneur inreturn for a percentage ofthe craft pieces sold.

SAMARTH provides theinstruction package andthe user manual to thelocal entrepreneur inreturn for a percentage ofthe craft pieces sold.

the women build their own cartsand now have increased mobility.they have more time to work onlocal handicrafts which are nowsold to an international marketby SAMARTH.

the local entrepreneurs build thecarts and give them to the womenin their region in return for apercentage of the craft piecesprovided to SAMARTH

the women now have increasedmobility and more time to work onlocal handicrafts which are nowsold to an international marketby SAMARTH.

rubber sap

latex, acidsbutadiene, styrenecrude oil, oxygen

natural rubber, synthetic rubbercarbon black, sulfur, oil

latex

natural rubber, synthetic rubber

carbon black, carbon dioxide

rubber tapping

mATERIAL PROCESSING

COMPONENT MANUFACTURE

rubber

crude oil EXTRACTION

MATERIAL PROCESSING

COMPONENT MANUFACTURE

foam

polyurethane, carbon dioxidebaking paper

shale

petroleum, diisocyanatepolyol, polyisocyanateamine, metallic salt catalyst

carbon dioxide

polyurethane

voc emissions

shale

petroleum, napthachlorine gas, ethylenecopper, ethylene dichloride

vinyl chloride monomer,additives

voc emissions

mercury, pcb, furanshexachlorobenzenehexachlorobutadienehexachloroethaneoctachlorostyrenepolychlorinated dioxins

chloroform, dioxinshexachlorobenzenephthalate (dehp)zinc, copper

crude oil EXTRACTION

MATERIAL EXTRACTION

COMPONENT MANUFACTURE

PVC

bauxite

crushed bauxitesodium hydroxide solution

sodium tetrahydroxoaluminatealuminum hydroxide, aluminum oxidecryolite, carbon

silicon, lead

titanium, calcium oxides

sodium hydroxide, watercarbon monoxide, carbon dioxide

aluminum ore EXTRACTION

MATERIAL PROCESSING

COMPONENT MANUFACTURE

aluminum

hematite,magnetite

iron ore, limestonebituminous coal, coke

molten iron, quicklimemagnesium powder, oxygenchromium, nickel

carbon dioxide

carbon monoxide, carbon dioxidecalcium silicate

magnesium sulfide, carbon monoxidecalcium silicate, calcium phosphatecarbon dioxide

iron ore EXTRACTION

MATERIAL PROCESSING

COMPONENT MANUFACTURE

stainless steel

hematite, magnetite

iron ore, limestone,bituminous coal, coke

molten iron, quicklime,magnesium powder, oxygen

carbon dioxide

carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide,calcium silicate

magnesium sulfide, carbon monoxide,calcium silicate, calcium phosphate

iron ore EXTRACTION

MATERIAL PROCESSING

COMPONENT MANUFACTURE

mild steel

carbon monoxidecarbon dioxidegasoline

replacement parts, oil

DISTRIBUTION

TRANSPORTATION

USE & MaintenanceBICYCLING

process material energy emissions

minimal materials

USE & maintenanceBICYCLING

Process Material Energy Emissions

hematite,magnetite

iron ore, limestonebituminous coal, coke

molten iron, quicklimemagnesium powder, oxygenchromium, nickel

carbon dioxide

carbon monoxide, carbon dioxidecalcium silicate

magnesium sulfide, carbon monoxidecalcium silicate, calcium phosphatecarbon dioxide

iron ore EXTRACTION

MATERIAL PROCESSING

COMPONENT MANUFACTURE

stainless steel

rubber sap

latex, acidsbutadiene, styrenecrude oil, oxygen

natural rubber, synthetic rubbercarbon black, sulfur, oil

water

nail, screws

latex

natural rubber, synthetic rubber

carbon black, carbon dioxide

plant waste

plant waste

scrap

plant waste

plant waste

scrap

rubber tapping

material PROCESSING

COMPONENT MANUFACTURE

rubber

HARVESTED

MATERIAL PREPARATION

FRAME MANUFACTURE

BAMBOO

water

glue

HARVESTED

MATERIAL PREPARATION

FRAME MANUFACTURE

RATTAN

RESOURCEDEPLETION

GLOBALWARMING

ACIDIFI-CATION

SOLIDWASTE

WATER/AIRPOLLUTION

REDUCEDBIODIVERSITY

RESOURCEDEPLETION

GLOBALWARMING

ACIDIFI-CATION

SOLIDWASTE

WATER/AIRPOLLUTION

REDUCEDBIODIVERSITY

LIFECYCLE ANALYSISOLD INVENTORY & IMPACT MATRIXSamarthNEW INVENTORY & IMPACT MATRIX

by Radhika Bhalla