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Life in a Four percent Universe
Dr. C.P. GirijavallabhanProfessor Emeritus
International School of PhotonicsCUSAT
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Our Changing Views of the Universe
Ptolemaic System till 16th centuryGalileo and the telescope (1609)The Copernican revolutionKepler’s laws and Newton’s theoriesBirth and death of stars and galaxiesHubble’s law and the expanding universeThe Big Bang and the origin
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20th Century Astronomy
• Astronomy made an exact science• Edwin Hubble and Hubble’s Law• Stellar dynamics and S. Chandrasekhar• Bing Bang Hypothesis- Dicke, Jim Peeble• Penzias and Wilson- 3.5K CMB• Gamow, Fritz Zwicky – Galactic rotation• Vera Rubin and Kent Ford
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Edwin Hubble- Father of modern astronomy
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Mount Wilson 100” telescope used by Hubble
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New Age Astronomy and Astrophysics
• Exploration of Space• The Hubble Space Telescope• COBE satellite• Super Novae as standard candle• High Z supernova observations• Saul -Perlmutter, Brian Schmidt & Adam Riess
and Nobel Prize 2011• Accelerating expansion and dark energy
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Roational Anomaly of Galaxies
Vera Rubin
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Variation of planetary velocities in solar system
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Measurement of speed of rotation of Galaxies:Doppler effect
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A cooled Si detector chip for image enhancement
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Andromeda Galaxy NGC 4414
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Speed of rotation of Galaxy perpendicular to axis
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Gravitational lensing effect
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Gravitational lensing effect
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Bullet Cluster- picture of colliding Galaxies
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Dark matter pervades the space between Galaxies
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Dark matter in pink colour
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Anisotropy in microwave background:COBE satellite result
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Type Ia Supernova Light curve
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1987a Supernova
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1987a Supernova deep field view
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2012 Nobel Prize winners in Physics
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Supernova in large Megallenic cloud
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Supernovae against the back ground of Galaxies
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Supernova X-ray picture
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Supernova 1994 D
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Velocity vs distance for faraway nebula
1 parsec= 3.6 light years
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Type Ia supernova data
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Distribution of Dark and ordinary matter in the Universe
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Unresolved Questions
• Gravity –where does it come from?• How can it be made compatible with quantum
field theory?• How do the laws of universe originate?• Laws first or matter first?• What is time? Is it real or a myth?• How does consciousness arise in unconscious
matter?• Is it all real or simply a dream?