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Letters and Sounds
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• Phonics is now taught for 20 mins per day, every day
• Some schools stream for phonics sessions in their key stages, or as a whole school
• Phonics and reading skills are taught in 6 distinct phases
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Phonics Consists of:• Identifying sounds in spoken words• Recognising the common spellings ofeach phoneme• Blending phonemes into words forreading• Segmenting words into phonemes forSpelling
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Enunciation• Teaching phonics requires a
technical skill in enunciation• Phonemes (sounds) should be
articulated clearly and precisely
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LlTw0oiLNys
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Some definitions DigraphTwo letters that make 1 sound Consonant diagraph contains 2 consonants- sh, ck, th, llVowel diagraph contains at least 1 vowel-ai, ee, ar, oyTrigraph Three letters that make one sound e.g.‘igh’ Spilt diagraph Formally known as magic ‘e’ e.g. a-e in make
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Blending (for reading)• Recognising the letter sounds in a
written word e.g c-u-p sh-ee-p• Merging them into the correct
order to pronounce the word cup and sheep
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Segmenting (for spelling)
Identifying the individual sounds in aspoken word (e.g. h-i-m , s-t-or-k) andwriting down letters for each sound(phoneme) to form the word him andstork
Always ensuring the correct enunciation is usede.g. h-i-m, as apposed to H-I-M
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The Phases ExplainedPhase 1 • Showing an awareness of rhyme and
alliteration• Distinguishing between sounds in the
environment and phonemes• Exploring and experimenting with sounds and
words• Discriminating speech sounds in words• Beginning to orally blend and segment
phonemes
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Phase 1 activity • Taking the children on a listening
walk…listening for sounds.
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Sequence of teaching in a discrete phonics
session1. Revisit and review Practise previously taught soundsPractice oral blending/segmentation2. TeachNew soundBlending/segmenting with lettersTricky words3. PractiseReading or spelling words with new sound4. ApplyRead or write a caption and integrating sound and highfrequency word/s
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Phase 2 (6 wks)Blending for reading and segmentingfor spelling simple cvc words
• Set 1 - s, a, t, p,• Set 2 - l, n, m, d,• Set 3 - g, o, c, k,• Set 4 - ck, e, u, r,• Set 5 - h, b, f, ff, l, ll, ss
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Phase 2 • Phonics clip• Revisit /Review• Teach
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Practise
Apply-video
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Phase 3 (Up to 12wks )• Knowing one grapheme for each of the phonemes• Reading and spelling a wide range of cvc wordsLetter Progression:Set 6 - j, v, w, xSet 7 - y, z, zz, quGraphemes:ear, air, ure, er, ar, or, ur, ow, oi, ai, ee, igh,oa, ooConsonant digraphs:ch, sh, th, ng.
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Phase 3 activity• Sound buttons game
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• This is a consolidation unit. • There are no new graphemes to learn.
Reading and spelling of tricky words continues
• Segmenting words and applying this in spelling.
• Blending the sounds in words and applying this skill when reading unfamiliar texts
Phase 4 (Up to 6wks )
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Phase 5• Reading phonetically decodable two syllable
and three-syllable words e.g. thirteen, telephone
• Using alternative ways of pronouncing the graphemes e.g. i-fin/find, c-cat/cent, g-got/giant
• Using alternative spellings for phonemes e.g. ai-a-e, ay etc
• Spelling complex words using phonetically plausible attempts
• New phoneme zh e.g. treasure, television, casual
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Phase 6 /Support for spelling
• Recognising phonic irregularities and becoming more secure with less common grapheme – phoneme correspondences.
• Applying phonic skills and knowledge to recognise and spell an increasing number of complex words.
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Phase 6 cont.
• Introducing the tenses, e.g. Walk-walked-walking
• Investigating and learning how to add suffixes, e.g. shopping
• Finding and learning the difficult bits in words
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In addition to this, each the week the
children learn ‘tricky’ spelling words(those that are not spelt
phonetically e.g. the) and key sight vocabulary such as no, go, away, going.
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• The children always work within the phase that is appropriate to their level of learning
• They are assessed regularly and groupings are sorted accordingly
• Therefore, the suggested model of year group and corresponding phase, does not always go hand in hand with the year group that your child is actually in