Download - Let's Talk LTE
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
1/32
Mohamed Hassan
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
2/32
LTE Introduction
LTE Mission
LTE Technologies (What is new)
LTE Advanced
Main Aim
Technologies (What is new)
LTE Vs. HSPA
Technical Comparison
LTE NW Drivers for Operators
Spectrum Story (War) in UK
Current Spectrum view
Ofcom Auction
Design Considerations.
Operational Considerations
Agenda
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
3/32
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
4/32
Reduced delays.
Increased user data rates.
Increased cell-edge bit-rate. Reduced cost per bit.
Reasonable power consumption for themobile terminal
Greater flexibility of spectrum usage, inboth new and pre-existing bands;
Simplified network architecture;
seamless mobility, including betweendifferent radio-access technologies;
LTERequirementsWas set 2005
LTE Mission
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
5/32
LTE Technologies
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
6/32
Different spectrum bandwidths canbe utilized from 1.4MHZ to 20MHZ
Fractional frequency re-use andinterference coordination betweencells are facilitated
SC-FDMA has a significantly lowerPAPR (Peak to Average PowerRatio), So can be used withHandsets.
LTE Technologies (OFDMA and SC-FDMA)
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
7/32
LTE Technologies (Multiple Antenna)Diversity gain. Array gain.
(Beamforming) Spatial multiplexinggain. (MIMO)
Use of the space-diversity
provided by the multiple
antennas to improve the
robustness of thetransmission against
multipath fading.
Concentration of energy in
one or more given
directions via precoding or
beam forming. This alsoallows multiple users
located in different
directions to be served
simultaneously (so-called
multi-user MIMO).
Transmission of multiple
signal streams to a single
user on multiple spatial
layers created bycombinations of the
available antennas.
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
8/32
LTE has been designed as a completely packet-orientedmultiservice system
Use of the lessons learnt in HSDPA, Coupling the two lowerlayers for faster adaptation to radio environment changes
To Improve system latency the packet duration was furtherreduced from the 2 ms used in HSDPA down to just 1 ms
Adaptation of the MIMO configuration including the selectionof the number of spatial layers transmitted simultaneously,
LTE Technologies (Packet-Switched Radio
Interface)
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
9/32
The LTE system has been designed to support a compact set of fivecategories of UE
LTE technologies (User Equipment's
capability)
UE Category
1 2 3 4 5
Maximum Downlink Data (Mbps) 10 50 100 150 300
Maximum Uplink data rate (Mbps) 5 25 50 50 75
Number if receive antennas required 2 2 2 2 4
Number of downlink MIMO streams Supported 1 2 2 2 4
Support of 64QAM modulation in downlink yes yes yes yes yes
Support of 64QAM modulation in uplink no no no no yes
Relative memory requirements for physical layer
processing (normalised to category 1 level)1 4.9 4.9 7.3 14.6
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
10/32
LTE Network Architecture
E-UTRAN EPC
Radio resource
Management Header Compression Security over air Connectivity to EPC
PCRF:- Policy Control Function
HSS:- User Subscription (Similar to HLR)P-GW:- Control IP allocation, Charging, QoSenforcementS-GW:-IP User Plane, Mobility Anchor, Inter-Systemmobility Anchor nodeMME:- Mobility Management Signalling
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
11/32
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
12/32
HSPA Vs. LTE
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
13/32
LTE VS HSPA
Category LTE HSPA Winner Comment
E2E RTT (Round TripTime
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
14/32
LTE Network Drivers
HSPA is quickly reaching capacity limits. More Sites are needed to provide Capacity . But with Limited Spectrum there
isnt much operator can doCapacity
LTE 800 and 1800 Bands provide better coverage option for operatorsCoverage LTE use flat architecture ,, which requires
HSPA+ network does already exist , supporting higher capabilities mayrequire SW investment in Network upgrades.
Cost HSPA+ devices are slow penetrating the market , which erode any efficiency
introduced
LTE is better scalable technology , Devices mix can still achieve higherefficiency
Devices LTE Technology is scalable, and very flexible with BWs(1.4.3.5.10.15.20)
compared to 5MHZ WCDMA
LTE Technology can be used with 15 different Bands (Very Flexible)Future
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
15/32
Verdict is
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
16/32
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
17/32
Band Usage Vodafone Three O2 EE
900
2G 12.4MHZ - 12.4MHZ -
UMTS 5MHZ - 5MHZ -
LTE - - - -
1800
2G 5.8MHZ 5.8MHZ 45+15MHZ
UMTS - - - -
LTE - - - -
2100 UMTS 14.6(3*5MHZ) 14.6(3*5MHZ) 10(2*5MHZ) 20(4*5MHZ)
800 (2X30 MHz) LTE Digital dividend (AWAITING AUCTIONS)
2600 (2x95MHz) LTE (AWAITING AUCTIONS)
Current Spectrum Story
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
18/32
LTE Coverage best Scenario
Operator options
Macro 800 Mhz800 Mhz
Micro
1800/2600Band 1800/2600
Band
Femto2600Band
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
19/32
Spectrum Wars#1
800 Spectrum
Best to provide LTEcoverage,
not enough for all of theoperators to provide decent
capacity.
Three and EE claim that VFand O2 have already Sub1GHz spectrum , so trying tolimit what VF and O2 can getin next auction.
Ofcom will impose 95%
coverage on one of thelicenses on this band
Not all 800 band is
1800 Spectrum
Second best spectrum toprovide coverage, 1800 LTEcoverage is better than 2600one by 3dB (better coverage )
EE dominance in 1800 Bandallow them to re farm 20MHZof the 1800 band for LTEservice, GSM NW can runwith nearly 25MHZ ofspectrum
EE has to sell 15MHz of its1800 Band , because of themerger decisoin
2600 Spectrum
Worst to provide Coverage ,with typical cell range of400m
Costly Solution to providecoverage.
There enough for all operator Suitable for small cell(Femto ,Micros, Picos..),capacity solution
There 2 *95 Spectrum ,enough to slice betweenOperators
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
20/32
Ofcom imposed Caps as:-
An overall spectrum cap of 2 x 105 MHz (Mainly to Limit EE)
A sub-1GHz spectrum cap of 2 x 27.5 MHz (Mainly to Limit VF , and O2 )
Minimum holding for 4thnational competitor (i.e Three)
Spectrum Auction#1
Vodafone EE O2 Three
Current Total Spectrum 2*37.2 2*65+2*15 2*32.2 15
Current Sub 1GHZ Holding 17.5MHZ 0 17MHZ 0
Maxium Spectrum can be won 2*80 2*40MHZ
Maximum Sub 1GHZ can be won 2*10MHZ 2*27MHZ 2*10MHZ 2*27.5
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
21/32
Ofcom is inclined to guarantee 4thNational wholesaler one of the followinggroup
Obviously Options 5/6 is the best option for this vendor (i.e. 3) which canallow for the sharing with EE and continue MBNL story
option 4 is second best, if 3 want to build its LTE own network
Spectrum Auction #2
Portfolio 800 MHz 1800 MHz 2.6 GHz
3 2 x 15 MHz
4 2x 10 MHz 2 x 10 MHz
5 2 x 10 MHz 2x 15 MHz
6 2x 15 MHz 2 x 10 MHz
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
22/32
Scenario Band Vodafone EE O2 Three Comment
Scenario 1 800 5MHZ 10MHZ 5MHZ 10MHZ Assuming group 5
for 3 UK
900 5MHZ - 5MHZ - O2 and VF can
deploy second U900
then convert to LTE
when devices are
ready
1800 5MHZ 20MHZ 5MHZ 15MHZ Assuming group 5
for 3 UK
2600 25 20 25 25 Assuming EE will be
capped.
LTE Possible Scenarios in UK
Other Scenarios can exist depending on final decision on reservation for the 4thwholesaler
Hard to believe the no operator will get a slice in the 800 Band , but it can happen (money
talks)
Parts of the 800 Band is interfering with TV services, 3% of houses will need filters , left for the
winning wholesaler to deal with.
Vodafone and O2 will have to bring their 900 into LTE game, even if in phases , i.e. 2ndcarrier
HSPA 900 then migrate that to LTE
1800 Band will suit 3 more, in its Joint venture with EE or any other operator in UK.
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
23/32
Scenario Band Vodafone EE O2 Three Comment
Scenario 2 800 10MHZ - 10MHZ 10MHZ Assuming VF deeppocket and O2, and
EE no real need for
800
900 5MHZ - 5MHZ - O2 and VF can
deploy second U900
then convert to LTEwhen devices are
ready
1800 5MHZ 20MHZ 5MHZ 15MHZ Assuming group 5
for 3 UK
2600 25 20 25 25 Assuming EE will be
capped.
LTE Possible Scenarios in UK
This Scenario suit more VF and O2 , as they provide capacity and coverage using the 800MHZ
band
EE may prefer this option to save initial high cost Spectrum cost.
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
24/32
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
25/32
LTE Release10 is set to provide higher bitrates in acost efficient way .
Increased peak data rate, DL 3 Gbps, UL 1.5 Gbps
Higher spectral efficiency, from a maximum of16bps/Hz in R8 to 30 bps/Hz in R10
Increased number of simultaneously activesubscribers
LTE Advanced main aim
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
26/32
CarrierAggregation
Higher orderMIMO
Relay Nodes
LTE advanced Main technologies
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
27/32
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
28/32
What Spectrum Band? (800,1800,2600)
What is BW ? (1.4,3,5,10,15,20MHZ)
Impact on GSM of reframing? Need BW +1 Channel(200K) as guard channelboth ends
Impact on GSM signal interference , because of reframing
Micro. Macro and Femto spectrum Allocations
Spectrum
Which Bands are likely to be used
Multiband antennas for different systems (800,900,1800,2600)
MIMO System (can we really support 4x4 MIMO)Antenna System
Site TX BW (3 Sectors can achieve 300mbps , how much we can allocateinitially)
UMTS and LTE BW AllocationsTX BW
E-UTRAN Design Consideration#1
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
29/32
CSFB, Circuit Switched Fall Back (3GPP specification 23.272) to GSM/UMTS SV-LTE - simultaneous voice LTE (CSFB+LTE over 2 radios)
One Voice / later called Voice over LTE, VoLTE:The Voice over LTE, VoLTEscheme for providing voice over an LTE system utilises IMS enabling it tobecome part of a rich media solution.
Voice
NAS Messages (end with MME
AS Messages end with E-NB
User Plan (No specification , Security GW) New Scenarios (Home E-PLMN, Relay Nodes for LTE
advanced)Security
Spectrum Diversity will make it difficult to do LTEroamingRoaming
Impact on maintenance and site availabilitySite SolutionComplexity
E-UTRAN Design Consideration#2
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
30/32
EPC Design Consideration
MME only from Same RAN vendor MME from Existing Packet Core Vendor
E2E Solution from one vendor (RAN +EPC)Vendor Selection
Migrating 2G/3G traffic to EPC is beingstandaredised
Migrate traffic toEPC
Centralized bearer/distributed control:
Centralized control/distributed bearer
Completely centralized
Completely distributed
DeploymentArchitecture
Security
Local offload points
IMS and many moreAnd many more
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
31/32
-
7/27/2019 Let's Talk LTE
32/32
Self Configuration (Including Self Cell ID (PCI), IPassociation with GW)
Self Initial radio parameter (Neighbours , X2 Interface,Inter RAT neighbours)
Self Optimisation (neighbour, Coverage and capacity)
Self healing (Outage detection.
SON (SelfOrganised
Networks)
Complex Site Solution will add complexity inmaintaining thatSiteMaintenance
Operational Consideration