Download - Lesson3 injuries
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Injuries and Treatment
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Types of Injuries
• Muscle Cramp: a sudden and involuntary contraction of one or more of your muscles. Muscle cramps can result in intense pain and leave you temporarily unable to use the affected muscles.
• Causes: Overuse, dehydration, heat.
• Sudden sharp pain, and/or a hard lump of muscle tissue
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Types of Injuries
• Muscle Strain: Damage to a muscle or its attaching tendons
• Causes: overuse, strenuous activity, normal tasks preformed with poor form
• Symptoms: Swelling, bruising or redness, pain at rest, pain for certain movements, muscle weakness
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Types in Injuries
• Sprain: stretching or tearing of ligaments
• Causes: overextending while joint is under stress, landing awkwardly, uneven surfaces.
• Mild: Your ligament stretches excessively or tears slightly.
• Moderate: The fibers in your ligament tear, but they don't rupture completely.
• Severe: One or more ligaments tear completely.
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Treatment
• Rest – avoid use of hurt muscle
• Ice – Reduce pain and swelling, 20/20
• Compression – lightly wrapped
• Elevation – raise above heart level
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Major Injuries
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Fracture
• Any type of break on the bone. – Casts– Immobilization – Clamps – Screws
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Dislocation
• A bone separates from its normal position in the joint– Football: Fingers– Hockey: shoulders
• Doctor must put it back in place
• Rest is required for full healing
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Tendonitis
• Tendons (muscle to bone) stretched or torn from over use. – Rest– Medication– Physical therapy
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Blows to the Head
• Swelling of the brain, concussion– Unconsciousness – Dizzy– Blurry Vision
• Tell the coach, trainer, friend or some one that can get you to the hospital
• Be aware of bruising behind the ears
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Weather related risks
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Overexertion
• Over working the body
• Dehydration
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Heat cramps
• Muscle spasms that result because of a loss of large amounts of water and salt through perspiration
• Dehydration
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Heat Exhaustion
• Very serious
• Overheating of the body resulting in cold, clammy skin, and symptoms of shock– Dizziness, headache, shortness of breath
• Move to a cool place, lay down, and raise feet
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Heatstroke
• Body loses the ability to rid itself of heat through perspiration
• Body temperature rises, and breathing becomes difficult.
• Person will often collapse
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Frostbite
• Body tissue become frozen
• Blood moves away from arms and legs, and into the core to protect vital organs– Dress in layers– Try not to sweat– Hand and feet warmers– Keep blood pumping
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Protective Equipment
• Hot or cold gear
• Compression material (shorts)
• Simple braces
• Mouth guards
• Proper footwear (at the gym)
• Lifting belts
• Cup