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3
Lesson 3.1: Body Membranes
Lesson 3.2: The Integumentary System
Lesson 3.3: Injuries and Disorders of the Skin
Membranes and the Integumentary System
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LESSON 3.1
Body Membranes
Chapter 3: Membranes and the Integumentary System
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BODY MEMBRANES
epithelial membranes mucous membranes serous membranes cutaneous membranes
connective tissue membranes synovial membranes
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EPITHELIAL MEMBRANES
mucous membranes line cavities open to the environment
serous membranes line cavities not open to environment
cutaneous membranes form what we know as skin
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MUCOUS MEMBRANES AND SEROUS MEMBRANES
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE MEMBRANES
synovial membrane capsule around synovial joint tendon sheath synovial fluid
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REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT
Match these words with 1–4 below: synovial, mucous, cutaneous, serous.1. line cavities open to the environment2. line cavities not open to the
environment3. tendon sheath4. form skin
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LESSON 3.2
The Integumentary System
Chapter 3: Membranes and the Integumentary System
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THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
functions of the integumentary system anatomy of the skin appendages of the skin
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FUNCTIONS OF THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
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ANATOMY OF THE SKIN
epidermis dermis hypoderm
is
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LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMISSweat pore
Shedding keratinocytes
Dead keratinocytes
Living keratinocytes
Dendritic cell
Stem cell
Sweat duct
Melanocyte
Dermal papilla
Tactile nerve fiber
Dermal blood vessel
Dermis
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REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT
True or False?1. The dermis is the superficial layer of
the skin.2. The skin helps regulate body
temperature. 3. The epidermis has three layers. 4. The hypodermis is above the dermis.5. The skin protects against UV
radiation.
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EPIDERMAL CELLS
keratinocytes produce keratin, form layers of epidermis
epidermal dendritic cells ward off infections
Merkel cells touch receptors
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DERMIS
dense, fibrous connective tissue papillary layer
forms fingerprints reticular layer
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HYPODERMIS
fibrous connective tissue adipose tissue
padding insulation energy storage
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APPENDAGES OF THE SKIN
sudoriferous (sweat) glands eccrine apocrine
sebaceous glands hair nails
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REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT
Fill in the blanks with: hypodermis, keratinocytes, sweat, or papillary.1. Eccrine is a type of _______________
gland. 2. _______________ produce keratin.3. Adipose tissue is found in the
_______________.4. The _______________ of the dermis
forms fingerprints.
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LESSON 3.3
Injuries and Disorders of the
Skin
Chapter 3: Membranes and the Integumentary System
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INJURIES AND DISORDERS OF THE SKIN
injuries of the skin infections of the skin and membranes inflammatory conditions of the skin
and membranes cancers of the skin
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INJURIES OF THE SKIN
decubitus ulcers bedsores caused by restricted blood supply
burns first-, second- or third-degree caused by heat, chemicals, electricity or
UV radiation rule of nines
Suzanne Tucker/Shutterstock.com, JTeffects/Shutterstock.com, Naiyyer/Shutterstock.com
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THE RULE OF NINES The rule of nines recognizes the fact that the adult body is fairly evenly divided by nine:
9% for whole head 9% for left arm 9% for right arm 18% for anterior torso (chest/stomach) 18% for posterior torso (back) 18% for left leg 18% for right leg
(If you are observant enough to notice this only adds up to 99%, you are smart enough to figure out where the other 1% is located!)
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BURN SIZE: THE RULE OF NINES
Another (perhaps easier) way to think of this: 9% for whole head 9% for left arm 9% for right arm 9% for abdomen 9% for anterior thorax (chest) 9% for posterior thorax (upper back)
9% for posterior abdomen (lower back)
9% for anterior right leg 9% for anterior left leg 9% for posterior right leg 9% for posterior left leg
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BURN SIZE: THE RULE OF NINES
A third method recognizes the fact that the patient’s closed hand is equal to approximately 1% of their body surface area
Small burns, or the unburned area of patients with nearly 100% burns, may be measured in this way
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DETERMINING BURN SEVERITY: DEPTH
Human skin has two major layers followed by fat, fascia and muscle The epidermis layer of the skin consists of dry, mostly dead, mostly insensitive skin. It is the ‘top’ and outside layer. Burns to the epidermis are generally 1st degree, or partial thickness, and are not considered clinically significant. Sunburns fall into this category
The dermis lies beneath the epidermis, is wet, has blood flow, and contains hair follicles and sweat glands. It also houses sensory nerves. Burns to the dermis are 2nd degree, or partial thickness and generally require medical attention
The subcutaneous layer lies beneath the dermis. It consists of a thin layer of fat, fascia and then muscle. Subcutaneous burns are 3rd degree, or full thickness, and always require medical attention
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INFECTIONS OF THE SKIN AND MEMBRANES
viral infections herpes varicella herpes zoster herpes simplex
virus type 1 or type 2
human papillomavirus
warts Maksym Bondarchuk/Shutterstock.com
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INFECTIONS OF THE SKIN AND MEMBRANES
fungal infections athlete’s foot jock itch ringworm toenail fungus
bacterial infections impetigo cellulitis
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INFLAMMATORY CONDITIONS OF THE SKIN AND MEMBRANES
pleurisy makes smooth
surface of pleura rough
peritonitis infection of
peritoneum psoriasis
involves redness and irritation
Kenxro/Shutterstock.com
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CANCERS OF THE SKIN
basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
malignant melanoma ABCD rule Librakv/
Shutterstock.com
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ABCD RULE
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REVIEW AND ASSESSMENT
True or False?1. Herpes zoster causes decubitus
ulcers.2. Peritonitis is an infection of the skin.3. Impetigo is caused by a fungus.4. Warts are caused by a virus.5. Ringworm is caused by a fungus.