Objectives Students will differentiate between
nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons. Students will explain the history and
purpose of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.
Students will examine current issues facing the global community surrounding nuclear weapons.
Students will formulate opinions about the use and regulation of nuclear weapons.
Warm Up What are weapons
of mass destruction?
Nuclear, chemical, biological
Inflict mass casualties & destruction
History of Nuclear Proliferation 1945 – US 1st A-
Bombs, end WW2
1946 – Baruch Plan
1949 – USSR 1st A-Bomb
1950’s – GB, FRA, China detonate• Sputnik – Proliferation• Geneva Accords
1957 – IAEA Created
1962 – Partial Test-Ban Treaty after Cuban Crisis
1968 – UN proposes Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty
1970 – NPT Official
NPT Controls dvpt, spread,
use of nuclear technology
3 Goals:• Non-proliferation• Disarmament• Fair access for
peaceful use
Signed March 5, 1970• 43 Original, 189 Today
NPT Categories Nuclear Weapons
States (NWS)
• Exploded device prior Jan 1967
• US-USSR-GB-France –China
• Can‘t transfer weapons/info
Non-Nuclear Weapons States (NNWS)
• Don’t /Won’t have• Technology for
peaceful use • IAEA Monitoring
NPT Articles I – NWS can’t transfer
weapons/info to NNWS
II – NNWS won’t receive weapons/info
III – NNWS won’t turn peace into weapons, IAEA monitoring
IV – All R&D peaceful tech, free exchange info/tech, share w/dvp world
V – Share at lowest possible cost (free?)
VI – Agree to disarm negotiations
VII – Can make own disarm treaties
VIII – Meet every 5 yrs
NPT NWS – Big 5
Non-NPT Nuclear States• India & Pakistan
(Never signed)• N.Korea (Quit ‘93,
‘03)
Suspected Programs• Israel (Never
signed)• Iran (NPT Member)• Syria/Myanmarhttp://
abcnews.go.com/GMA/Media/north-korea-helping-myanmar-secret-nuclear-program/story?id=10823439
Global Nuclear ArsenalNation Total Nuclear Arsenal
China > 125
France 300
India ~ 50
Israel ~ 80
Pakistan ~ 60
Russia ~ 14,000
United Kingdom ~ 160
United States ~ 10,500
Total ~25,275
Source:http://www.carnegieendowment.org/files/2009-global-prolif6.pdf
Importance? Prevents
proliferation
Regulations
Sets stage for future negotiation• Review Conference
every 5 yrs (May 2010)
http://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2010/dc3243.doc.htm
Current Challenges Universality
• Nonsigners –Israel, India, Pakistan
Non-Compliance• Iran• N.Korea
Helping Syria & Myanmar?
Black Market• Terrorism• Theft/Illegal Sales
http://www.choices.edu/resources/scholarsonline/nichols/tn5.php
Closure Do you view nuclear proliferation as
inconsequential or agree with efforts to limit the spread and numbers of nuclear weapons?